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Jeffry D. Wert - Gettysburg, Day Three

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Jeffry D. Wert Gettysburg, Day Three
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As darkness settled over the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on July 2, 1863, the second day of fighting in the fields outside the small farming village had just ended. Thousands of men lay dead or wounded on the battlefield, victims of bloody encounters on Little Round Top, in the Peach Orchard, and at other locations whose names have become part of our history. But the outcome of the biggest battle in American history was still uncertain. Shortly before midnight the Union commander, General George Meade, called a council of war at his headquarters. Meade had taken command of the Army of the Potomac only days before the great battle. He consulted his top generals to decide what to do on the next day. The consensus emerged quickly: Stay and fight. And so they did.
Gettysburg, Day Three is the story of the decisive day of the decisive battle of the Civil War. Opening with Meades council of war, it shifts to the seven-hour struggle for Culps Hill, the most sustained combat of the entire engagement. The fighting at Culps Hill began early on the third day and produced heroes on both sides, perhaps none less likely than sixty-two-year-old General George Greene of New York, the oldest general on the battlefield.
The crucial action on Day Three was the massive Confederate assault on the center of the Union line, the action that we know as Picketts Charge. Jeffry Wert tells the story of Picketts Charge in full detail, from the planning and preparations to the ferocious cannonade, the valiant but futile charge itself, and the bloody repulse and aftermath. He analyzes the failure of Confederate command decisions, from the level of Robert E. Lee and James Longstreetdown to the brigade commanders, that rendered the attack less powerful than it might have been. He gives great credit to the artillery officers, particularly General Henry Hunt of the Union, who contributed significantly to the defeat of the infantry assault. Werts vivid and dramatic retelling of Picketts Charge will captivate anyone who has enjoyed Killer Angels or any of the classic narratives of the Civil War.
Although the repulse of Picketts Charge determined the outcome of the battle, the fighting at Gettysburg didnt end there. On the afternoon of the third day, the most prolonged cavalry action of the battle took place. Confederate cavalry under the command of the colorfully flamboyant Jeb Stuart fought an excellent Union cavalry in a battle that ended in a draw. Among the most daring of the Union cavalry commanders was a twenty-three-year-old brigadier general, the youngest general in the army, named George Custer.
For the Union troops, the victory at Gettysburg was enormous. The Army of the Potomac had consistently lost to Lees Army of Northern Virginia, most recently in a bloody defeat at Chancellorsville less than two months earlier. A Confederate victory on northern soil would have jeopardized Baltimore and perhaps even Washington itself. Instead Union troops fought with determination and skill, and proved to themselves that they could fight as well as the Rebels. After failing with a series of commanders, Lincoln finally succeeded with his new commander, George Meade, who, Wert argues, deserves more credit for the Union victory than he has generally been given.
Gettysburg, Day Three draws on hundreds of sources, including more than 400 manuscriptcollections, to provide the most comprehensive account ever of the crucial day of the Civil Wars greatest battle. Brief excerpts from letters and diaries of soldiers on both sides bring to life the voices of the men who fought this terrible battle. As a result, despite the many books already written about the battle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg, Day Three is fresh and lively, a brilliant rendering of an immortal bloody day.

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APPENDIX: ORDER OF BATTLE

Picture 7

MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE, USA, commanding

FIRST ARMY CORPS (Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds)

Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday

Maj. Gen. John Newton

First Division (Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth)

First Brigade (Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith)

(Col. William W. Robinson)

19th Indiana

24th Michigan

2nd Wisconsin

6th Wisconsin

7th Wisconsin

Second Brigade (Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler)

7th Indiana

76th New York

84th New York (14th Militia)

95th New York

147th New York

56th Pennsylvania (9 cos.)

Second Division (Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson)

First Brigade (Brig. Gen. Gabriel R. Paul)

(Col. Samuel H. Leonard)

(Col. Adrian R. Root)

(Col. Richard Coulter)

(Col. Peter Lyle)

(Col. Richard Coulter)

16th Maine

13th Massachusetts

94th New York

104th New York

107th Pennsylvania

Second Brigade (Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter)

12th Massachusetts

83rd New York (9th Militia)

97th New York

11th Pennsylvania

88th Pennsylvania

90th Pennsylvania

Third Division (Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday)

(Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Rowley)

First Brigade (Col. Chapman Biddle)

(Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Rowley)

(Col. Chapman Biddle)

80th New York (20th Militia)

121st Pennsylvania

142nd Pennsylvania

151st Pennsylvania

Second Brigade (Col. Roy Stone)

(Col. Langhorne Wister)

(Col. Edmund L. Dana)

143rd Pennsylvania

149th Pennsylvania

150th Pennsylvania

Third Brigade (Brig. Gen. George J. Stannard)

(Col. Francis V. Randall)

13th Vermont

14th Vermont

16th Vermont

Artillery Brigade (Col. Charles S. Wainwright)

Maine Light, 2nd Battery (B) (Capt. James A. Hall)

Maine Light, 5th Battery (E) (Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens)

1st New York Light, Batteries L & E (Capt. Gilbert H. Reynolds)

(Lieut. George Breck)

1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery (B) (Capt. James H. Cooper)

4th United States, Battery (B) (Lieut. James Stewart)

SECOND ARMY CORPS (Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock)

(Brig. Gen. John Gibbon)

(Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock)

First Division (Brig. Gen. John C. Caldwell)

First Brigade (Col. Edward E. Cross)

(Col. H. Boyd McKeen)

5th New Hampshire

61st New York

81st Pennsylvania

148th Pennsylvania

Second Brigade (Col. Patrick Kelly)

28th Massachusetts

63rd New York (2 cos.)

69th New York (2 cos.)

88th New York (2 cos.)

116th Pennsylvania (4 cos.)

Third Brigade (Brigadier General Samuel K. Zook)

(Lieut. Col. John Fraser)

52nd New York

57th New York

66th New York

140th Pennsylvania

Fourth Brigade (Col. John R. Brooke)

27th Connecticut (2 cos.)

2nd Delaware

64th New York

53rd Pennsylvania

145th Pennsylvania (7 cos.)

Second Division (Brig. Gen. John Gibbon)

(Brig. Gen. William Harrow)

(Brig. Gen. John Gibbon)

First Brigade (Brig. Gen. William Harrow)

(Col. Francis E. Heath)

19th Maine

15th Massachusetts

1st Minnesota and 2nd Co. Minnesota Sharpshooters

82nd New York (2nd Militia)

Second Brigade (Brig. Gen. Alexander S. Webb)

69th Pennsylvania

71st Pennsylvania

72nd Pennsylvania

106th Pennsylvania

Third Brigade (Col. Norman J. Hall)

59th New York

19th Massachusetts

20th Massachusetts

7th Michigan

42nd New York

59th New York (4 cos.)

Unattached

Massachusetts Sharpshooters 1st Co.

Third Division (Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays)

First Brigade (Col. Samuel S. Carroll)

14th Indiana

4th Ohio

8th Ohio

7th West Virginia

Second Brigade (Col. Thomas A. Smyth)

(Lieut. Col. Francis E. Pierce)

14th Connecticut

1st Delaware

12th New Jersey

10th New York Battalion

108th New York

Third Brigade (Col. George L. Willard)

(Col. Eliakim Sherrill)

(Lieut. Col. James L. Bull)

39th New York (4 cos.)

111th New York

125th New York

126th New York

Artillery Brigade (Capt. John G. Hazard)

1st New York Light, Battery (G) and 14th New York Battery (Lieut. Albert S. Sheldon)

(Capt. James M. Rorty)

(Lieut. Robert E. Rogers)

1st Rhode Island, Battery (A) (Capt. William A. Arnold)

1st Rhode Island, Battery (B) (Lieut. T. Fred Brown)

1st United States, Battery (I) (Lieut. George A. Woodruff)

(Lieut. Tully McCrea)

4th United States, Battery (A) (Lieut. Alonzo H. Cushing)

(Sgt. Frederick Fuger)

THIRD ARMY CORPS (Maj. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles)

(Maj. Gen. David B. Birney)

First Division (Maj. Gen. David B. Birney)

(Brig. Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward)

First Brigade (Brig. Gen. Charles K. Graham)

(Col. Andrew H. Tippin)

57th Pennsylvania (8 cos.)

63rd Pennsylvania

68th Pennsylvania

105th Pennsylvania

114th Pennsylvania

141st Pennsylvania

Second Brigade (Brig. Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward)

(Col. Hiram Berdan)

20th Indiana

3rd Maine

4th Maine

86th New York

124th New York

99th Pennsylvania

1st United States Sharpshooters

2nd United States Sharpshooters (8 cos.)

Third Brigade (Col. P. Regis De Trobriand)

17th Maine

3rd Michigan

5th Michigan

40th New York

110th Pennsylvania (6 cos.)

Second Division (Brig. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys)

First Brigade (Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Carr)

1st Massachusetts

11th Massachusetts

16th Massachusetts

12th New Hampshire

11th New Jersey

26th Pennsylvania

Second Brigade (Col. William R. Brewster)

70th New York

71st New York

72nd New York

73rd New York

74th New York

120th New York

Third Brigade (Col. George C. Burling)

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