Robert C. DiPrizio (Editor) - Conflict in the Holy Land: From Ancient Times to the Arab-Israeli Conflicts

Conflict in the Holy Land

From Ancient Times to the Arab-Israeli Conflicts

Robert C. DiPrizio, Editor

Copyright 2020 by ABC-CLIO, LLC

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: DiPrizio, Robert C., 1968 editor.

Title: Conflict in the Holy Land : from ancient times to the Arab-Israeli conflicts / Robert C. DiPrizio, editor.

Description: Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019033036 (print) | LCCN 2019033037 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440867477 (cloth) | ISBN 9781440867484 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Arab-Israeli conflictEncyclopedias. | Jewish-Arab relationsEncyclopedias. | IsraelEthnic relationsEncyclopedias.

Classification: LCC DS119.7 .C6524 2020 (print) | LCC DS119.7 (ebook) | DDC 956.0403dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019033036

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019033037

ISBN: 978-1-4408-6747-7 (print)

978-1-4408-6748-4 (ebook)

24 23 22 21 20 1 2 3 4 5

This book is also available as an eBook.

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Contents

List of Entries

Abbas, Mahmoud

Abdullah II, King of Jordan

Absentee Landlords

Adalah

Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades

Aliya

Aliya Bet

Allon Plan

American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)

American Jewish Congress (AJC)

American Palestine Committee (APC)

Arab Boycott of Israel

Arab Higher Committee (AHC)

Arab-Islamic Conquest of Palestine

Arab-Israeli War, 1948

Arab-Israeli War, 1956

Arab-Israeli War, 1967

Arab-Israeli War, 1973

Arab-Jewish Clashes in Palestine, Pre-1947

Arab-Jewish Communal War, 1947

Arab League

Arab Peace Plan

Arab Revolt, 1916

Arab Revolt, 1936

Arab Spring

Arab Spring, Effects on Israel

Arab Spring, Effects on Palestine

Arafat, Yasser

Ashrawi, Hanan

Assad, Bashar al

Assad, Hafez al

Assyrian Conquest of Israel

BTselem

Babylonian Conquest of Judah

Balfour Declaration

Barghouti, Marwan

Bedouins

Begin, Menachem

Ben-Gurion, David

Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer

Bernadotte, Count Folke

Bethlehem

Black September

Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement

Breaking the Silence

British Mandate for Palestine

British White Paper

Camp David Accords

Camp David Summit, 2000

Canaanites

Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre

Christian Zionism

Christianity

Church of the Holy Sepulcher

Closed Military Zones

Crusades in the Holy Land

Dahlan, Mohammed

David

Dayan, Moshe

Deir Yassin Massacre

Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)

Demographics in Israel and Palestine

Diaspora, Jewish

Diaspora, Palestinian

Druze

Egypt

Egyptian Conquest of Canaan

Entebbe Raid

Erekat, Saeb

Eretz Israel

Fatah

Faysal-Weizmann Agreement

First and Second Temple Periods

Gaza Raid, 1955

Gaza Strip

Gaza Strip Blockade

Gaza Strip Disengagement

Geneva Accord, 2003

Golan Heights

Grand Mufti of Jerusalem

Great March of Return

Gush Emunim

Habash, George

Haganah

Hamas

Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount

Hattin, Battle of

Hebron

Herod the Great

Herzl, Theodor

Hezbollah

Holy War Army (HWA)

Husayn ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca

Husayn, King of Jordan

Intifada, First

Intifada, Second

Irgun Tsvai Leumi

Islam

Israel

Israel Defense Forces (IDF)

Israel-Hezbollah War, 2006

Israeli Occupations

Israelis

Israeli Security Barrier

Israelite Conquest of Canaan

Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigade

Jabotinsky, Zeev

Jerusalem

Jerusalem, Old City of

Jewish Agency

Jewish Defense League (JDL)

Jewish Emigration from Arab Countries

Jewish Legion

Jewish National Fund (JNF)

Jewish Revolts

Jewish Underground

Jordan

Judaism

Judea and Samaria

Kahane, Meir

Katyusha Rockets

Khartoum Resolution

Kibbutz

King David Hotel Bombing

Kingdom of Israel

Kingdom of Judah

Knesset

Kook, Avraham Yitzhak

Labor Party

Lavon Affair

Law of Return

Lawrence, T. E.

League of Nations

Lebanon

Lebanon, Israeli Invasion of

Likud Party

Lydda and Ramle

Madrid Conference

Masada

McMahon-Husayn Correspondence

Meir, Golda

Middle East Quartet

Mishal, Khalid

Mossad

Mubarak, Hosni

Muhammad, Prophet of Islam

Munich Olympics

Nakba

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

Netanyahu, Benjamin

One-State Solution

Operation Nickel Grass

Oslo Accords

Ottoman Conquest of Palestine

Pale of Settlement

Palestine

Palestine Liberation Army (PLA)

Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Palestinian Authority (PA)

Palestinian Authority Security Forces (PASF)

Palestinian Hijackings

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)

Palestinian National Council (PNC)

Palestinian Refugee Camps

Palestinian Refugees

Palestinians

Palmach

Peace Now

Peres, Shimon

Permanent Status Issues

Persian Conquest of Palestine

Pinsker, Leon

Plan Dalet

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)

Qassam, Izz al-Din al

Rabin, Yitzhak

Ramallah

Right of Return

Roman Conquest of Judea

Sadat, Anwar

Saladin

Saul

Settlements

Settler Violence

Shamir, Yitzhak

Sharon, Ariel

Shin Bet

Solomon

Stern Gang

Suicide Bombings

Supreme Muslim Council (SMC)

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Syria

Tanzim

Tel Aviv

Third Temple Movement

Two-State Solution

United Kingdom of Israel

UN Partition Plan for Palestine

UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

UN Security Council Resolution 242

UN Security Council Resolution 338

U.S. Aid to Israel

U.S. Involvement in Israeli-Palestinian Affairs

USS Liberty

War of Attrition

Water Security

Weizmann, Chaim

West Bank

World Zionist Organization (WZO)

Yassin, Sheikh Ahmed

Yishuv

Zealots

Zionism

Zionist Organization of America (ZOA)

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the many authors from around the world who contributed to this volumewithout their expertise and hard work, this encyclopedia would not exist. Special thanks go out to a number of colleagues at Air Command and Staff College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Jim Forsyth and Ron Dains afforded me the time and flexibility to concentrate on writing, while Paul Springer and Jonathan Zartman offered sage advice that helped me navigate the complexities of such a large project. Special thanks also go to Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Buck Gardenier, for both his contributions to the book and his moral support. Finally, I would like to thank the many people at ABC-CLIO who have worked on this encyclopedia, especially Padraic (Pat) Carlin, for entrusting me with the project; and Barbara Patterson, Bridget Austiguy-Preschel, and Jitendra Kumar, for seeing it through to fruition.