George Santayana 1863 1952.
Pegler, M., Powder and Ball Small Arms , Crowood Press, 1998.
Norbunov, Lieutenant G., Russian Field Artillery , quoted in Pegler, op. cit.
A double-barrelled percussion rifle invented by John Jacob (1812 58) using both conical and a specially developed explosive bullet and capable of accurate shooting to 2,000 yards.
H. Green, from a letter quoted by H.T. Lambrick in John Jacob of Jacobabad , Cassel & Co., London, 1940.
The Army and Navy Journal , August 1874.
Keegan, J., The Face of Battle , J. Cape, London, 1976.
Ray, F.L., Shock Troops of the Confederacy , CFS Press, N.C., 2006.
Stevens, op. cit.
Trepp, C., Papers & Letters from Captain Isler, 24 September 1862, New York Historical Society.
Inspection report of the 1st USSS, 1 November 1862, 19 December 1862, National Archives, Washington.
Ripley, W.Y.W., A History of Company F, 1st United States Sharpshooters , Rutland, Vermont, 1883.
Morrow, J.A., The Confederate Whitworth Sharpshooters , private publication, 2002.
Stevens, C.A., Berdans United States Sharpshooters in the Army of Minnesota , 1882.
US Patent No. 52,818, 27 February 1866 (UK Patent 3253, 10 December 1866).
UK Patent No. 137, 15 January 1865, Henry Mounier Boxer.
Crum, Lieutenant F.M., Memoirs of a Rifleman Scout , private publication, Stirling, 1950.
Memoirs of a Boer Kommando , London, 1905.
Ibid.
Crum, op. cit.
Churchill, W.S., London to Ladysmith via Pretoria , W.W. Norton, New York, 1989.
Major Patrick Ferguson, 1744 80.
Grenfell, Captain J., Royal Dragoons, DOW 25 May 1915, buried Boulogne Eastern Cemetery.
Richards, F., Old Soldiers Never Die, Naval and Military Press , Sussex, undated.
Pusch, Lieutenant F.L., Irish Guards, KIA 27 June 1916, buried Essex Farm Cemetery.
The War Diary of the 1st Battalion Irish Guards in the Great War , PRO WO/95.
The Royal West Kent Regiment in the Great War , Cassell, London, 1926.
Fairall, CSM J.H., Queen Victorias Rifles, The London Regiment, KIA 24 August 1915, buried at Carnoy Military Cemetery.
Blessing, Lance Corporal P., Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, KIA 30 November 1917, commemorated on Tyne Cot memorial.
Forbes, Sergeant J.K., Gordon Highlanders, KIA 25 September 1915, commemorated on Menin Gate Memorial.
The common term for infantrymen. The British equivalent was footsloggers.
Document dated 23 January, 1915, Der Konigliche Landrat II.494.u.495, Bundesarchiv.
Instructions for the use of S.m.K Cartridges and Rifles With Telescopic Sights , German instructional pamphlet, dated 1915.
Hesketh-Prichard, Major H., Sniping in France , Pen & Sword, Barnsley, 1994 (reissue).
Scott, Sergeant R., Royal Irish Fusiliers, DOW 28 October 1914, buried Cit Bonjean Military Cemetery.
Sergeant H. Wilson, Royal Irish Fusiliers, quoted in Angels and Heroes , compiled by A. Moreno and D. Truesdale Pubs., Royal Irish Fusiliers Museum, Armagh 2004.
Feuss, Bock, Busch, Gerard, Goerz, Hensoldt, Kahles, Oigee, Voigtlander, Zeiss.
Tests quoted in Kent, D.W., German 7.9mm Military Ammunition 1888 1945 . Kent Pubs., Ann Arbor, 1990.
Skipp, W., quoted in Arthur, M., Forgotten Voices of the Great War , Ebury Press, London, 2002.
Mannfried Gossen, 163rd Infantry Regiment, personal correspondence.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Short in the nomenclature actually refers to its reduced barrel length and not, as many suppose, its magazine.
Munitions of War: A War Record of the BSA Factory , Frost, G.H., Birmingham, undated.
Report to the Small Arms Committee, 29 August 1904, library of the National Firearms Centre, Leeds.
List of Changes, No. 15629, dated 1 October 1911.
Philips, R., Duplus, F., Chadwick, J., The Ross Rifle of Canada , Chadwick Pubs., Nova Scotia, 1984.
Greener, Captain L.L., Royal Warwickshire Regiment, KIA 5 December 1917, commemorated on Cambrai Memorial.
McBride, H., A Rifleman Went to War , Lancer, Arkansas, 1993.
Trumpeter J. Naylor, Royal Field Artillery, BEF.
Stevens, Private P.J., Royal Welsh Fusiliers, KIA 25 January 1915, buried Bois Grenier Communal Cemetery.
Hesketh-Prichard, Sniping in France .
Richards, op. cit.
Dunn, Captain J.C., The War the Infantry Knew , King Ltd., London, 1938.
Hesketh-Prichard, op. cit.
Ibid.
Passiful, Private L., Essex Yeomanry, DOW 2 February 1916, buried Bthune Town Cemetery.
Marshall, A., quoted in Arthur, Max, The Last Post , Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2005.
Barraclough, Private A., quoted in Van Emden, R., The Trench , Transworld, London, 2002.
Butler, Major P., DSO, A Galloper at Ypres , Fisher-Unwin, London, 1920.
Ibid.
Hesketh-Prichard, op. cit.
Gossen, op. cit.
Sleath, F., Sniper Jackson , Herbert Jenkins, London, 1919.
Dunn, op. cit.
Barraclough, op. cit.
Blessing, op. cit.
Richards, op. cit.
Hesketh-Prichard, A Memoir , (Ed. E. Parker), Fisher Unwin, London, 1924.
Ibid.
Private A. Huxted, Royal Berkshire Regiment, interview with the author.
Ibid.
Forbes, op. cit.
Student and Sniper Sergeant: A Memoir of J.K. Forbes , privately published, 1917.
Crum, Major F.M., Scouts and Sniping in Trench Warfare , private publication, August 1916.
Dunn, op. cit.
Hesketh-Prichard, A Memoir .
Cusak, J. MM., Scarlet Fever , Cassell & Co., London, 1972.
Ibid.
Sleath, op. cit.
Richards, op. cit.
Gossen, op. cit.
McBride, op. cit.
Union Metallic Cartridge Company.
United States Cartridge Company.
McBride, op. cit.
Cloete, S., A Victorian Son , Collins, London, 1972.
Affectionately known as the Smellie.
Fremantle, Captain T.F., Notes of Lectures and Practices in Sniping , Crumble Ltd., Leicester, 1916.
Penberthy, op. cit.
War Office Contracts, Ministry of Munitions weekly reports up to July 1915, National Archives, Kew.
Goldsmith, D.L., The Grand Old Lady of No Mans Land , Collector Grade Publications, Ontario, 1994.
In The British Sniper (Skennerton Margate Australia, 1983). Skennerton calculated 9,788 but a number were produced prior to the official specification SA 390 being introduced. The exact number is probably somewhat in excess of 10,000.
Hesketh-Prichard, Sniping in France .
Specification, Small Arms No. 390, 4 May 1915, MOD Pattern Room/National Firearms Collection, Leeds.