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Ursula Klein - Technoscience in History: Prussia, 1750-1850

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The relationship of the current technosciences and the older engineering sciences, examined through the history of the useful sciences in Prussia.Do todays technoscientific disciplinesincluding materials science, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and roboticssignal a radical departure from traditional science? In Technoscience in History, Ursula Klein argues that these novel disciplines and projects represent not an epochal break, but part of a history that can be traced back to German useful sciences and beyond. Kleins account traces a deeper history of technoscience, mapping the relationship between todays cutting-edge disciplines and the development of the useful and technological sciences in Prussia from 1750 to 1850.Klein shows that institutions that coupled natural-scientific and technological inquiry existed well before the twentieth century. Focusing on the science of mining, technical chemistry, the science of forestry, and the science of building (later known as civil engineering), she examines the emergence of practitioners who were recognized as men of science as well as inventive technologistskey figures that she calls scientific-technological experts.Klein describes the Prussian states recruitment of experts for technical projects and manufacturing, including land surveys, the apothecary trade, and porcelain production; state-directed mining, mining science, and mining academies; the history and epistemology of useful science; and the founding of Prussian scientific institutions in the nineteenth century, including the University of Berlin, the Academy of Building, the Technical Deputation, and the Industrial Institute.

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Contents
Guide
Pagebreaks of the print version
Transformations Studies in the History of Science and Technology Jed Z - photo 1

Transformations: Studies in the History of Science and Technology

Jed Z. Buchwald, general editor

A series list appears at the back of the book

TECHNOSCIENCE IN HISTORY

Prussia, 17501850

Ursula Klein

The MIT Press

Cambridge, Massachusetts

London, England

2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN: 978-0-262-53929-6

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CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS

The Marstall building, with the observatory of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences

Portrait of Franz Carl Achard

Eighteenth-century sugar refinery

Laboratory of the University of Altdorf

Portrait of Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Big laboratory of the Royal Court Pharmacy in Berlin

Small laboratory of the Royal Court Pharmacy in Berlin

Eighteenth-century chemical-pharmaceutical instruments

The Royal Prussian Porcelain Manufactory

Manufacture of porcelain

Painting on porcelain ware and enameling

Eighteenth-century mine plan

Eighteenth-century drawing of an assay furnace

Portrait of Abraham Gottlob Werner

Mine plan from the Upper Harz

Eighteenth-century mine plan

Portrait of Carl Abraham Gerhard

Diagram by Gerhard: rock strata of Fltzgebirge

Portrait of the young Alexander von Humboldt

Humboldts respiration machine

Charpentiers petrographical map

The Prinz Heinrich Palace

The Bauakademie

The building of the Technical Deputation and the Industrial Institute, with Schinkels extension

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book project began almost fifteen years ago at my home institution, the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. It would have been impossible to carry out research without the help of my home institution and the support by Hans-J rg Rheinberger, director of Department III, where the project began, and J rgen Renn, director of Department I, where it was completed. I am grateful to Hans-J rg Rheinberger and J rgen Renn for their advice and their financial support of the project. J rgen Renns intellectual challenges and generosity have been an invaluable experience, which stimulated the extension of the project well into the period of the industrial revolution and the establishment of the modern technosciences.

Over the years I have also benefited from numerous discussions with my colleagues at the Max Planck Institute and other institutions, among them Bruno Belhoste, David Bloor, Matthew Eddy, Dieter Hoffmann, Peter Kone n , Marcus Popplow, Maria Rentetzi, Dagmar Sch fer, Matthias Schemmel, Florian Schmalz, Emma Spary, Matteo Valleriani, and Norton Wise. I am particularly grateful to Alan Chalmers, Jonathan Harwood, Wolfgang Lef vre, Mary Jo Nye, Kathryn Olesko, J rgen Renn, Alan Rocke, and Matthias Schemmel, who read the entire book manuscript or parts of it. This book has been vastly improved by their queries, suggestions, and generous help.

The project became feasible not least with the longstanding aid of my research assistant Johannes Lotze, who helped to track down archival sources and transcribed some 4,000 pages of archival material. I owe him an immense debt. I am also grateful to the archivists of the Archive of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, the Archive of the Royal Prussian Porcelain Manufactory in Berlin, and the Autograph Collection of the Library of Humboldt University.

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