Graham Speake - Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GREECE AND THE HELLENIC TRADITION

Volume 2

Volume 2
L-Z

Editor
Graham Speake

First published 2000 by Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers

Published 2019 by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2000 Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library and Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data are available

Typeset by Lorraine Hodghton, Radlett, Herts, UK
Cover design by Philip Lewis

Cover illustrations:
vol. 1: Alexander the Great: portrait bust in marble, sculptor unknown, GraecoRoman Museum, Alexandria.
vol. 2: Alexander the Great: mural by Theophilos (18681934), Museum of Greek Folk Art, Athens, reproduced by permission of the Greek Ministry of Culture Archaeological Receipts Fund.

ISBN 13: 978-1-57958-141-1 (vol 2)(hbk)

Abortion
Academy of Athens
Acarnania
Achaea
Achilles Tatius
Acragas
Acropolis of Athens
Adoption
Adrianople
Adultery
Aegae
Aegina
Aeolians
Aeschines
Aeschylus
Aesop
Aesthetics
Aetolia
Africa, North
Afterlife
Agesilaus II
Agora of Athens
Agriculture
Akindynos, Gregory
Akropolites, George
Albania
Alchemy
Alcibiades
Alexander III the Great
Alexandria
Alexios I Komnenos
Ali Pasha of Ioannina
Alphabet
Altars
Amalfi
Amasis
Ambelakia
Amphipolis
Anastasios of Sinai, St
Anatolia
Anatomy and Physiology
Anaxagoras
Anaximander
Ancestor Worship
Andrew of Crete, St
Andronikos I Komnenos
Andronikos II Palaiologos
Andronikos, Manolis
Angelopoulos, Thodoros
Ani
Animals
Anthology, Greek
Anthropology
Antigonids
Antioch
Antiochus III the Great
Antiquity, Reception of
Anti-westernism
Antisemitism
Apelles
Aphrodisias
Apollonius of Perge
Apollonius Rhodius
Apologists, Greek
Apophthegmata Patrum
Apostasy
Appian
Apseudes, Theodore
Apulia
Arabia
Arabs
Aratus
Arcadia
Archaeological Service
Archaeology
Archaic Period
Archilochus
Archimedes
Architecture
Archives
Arethas of Caesarea
Argenti, Eustratios
Argolid
Argos
Argyropoulos, John
Aristarchus of Samothrace
Aristides, Aelius
Aristocracy
Aristophanes
Aristotelianism
Aristotle
Aristoxenus
Armatoloi
Armenia
Army
Arrian
Arta
Asia Minor Campaign and Disaster
Astrology
Astronomy
Athanasios of Athos, St
Athanasius of Alexandria, St
Atheism
Athenaeus
Athenagoras
Athens
Athos, Mount
Atomism
Attalids
Attica
Australia

Babrius
Bacchylides
Bactria
Balkan Wars
Banking
Baptism
Barlaam of Calabria
Basil I
Basil II
Basil the Great, St
Beirut
Berlin, Treaty of
Bessarion
Biography and Autobiography
Birth
Bishops
Bithynia
Black Sea
Blemmydes, Nikephoros
Boeotia
Books and Readers
Bosnia
Botany
Botsaris, Markos
Bouboulina, Laskarina
Brigandage
Britain
Bulgaria
Bulgars
Bureaucracy
Burial Practices
Byron, George Gordon, Lord
Byzantine Period, Early
Byzantine Period, Late
Byzantine Period, Middle
Byzantines
Byzantium

Cacoyannis, Michalis
Calabria
Calendar
Callas, Maria
Callimachus
Canada
Canals
Candia, Fall of
Canon Law
Canonization
Cappadocia
Carneades
Carthage
Cartography
Cassius Dio
Catalans
Catana
Caucasus
Cavafy, Constantine
Celibacy
Censorship
Ceremony, Byzantine
Chaeronea, Battle of
Chalcidice
Chalcis
Chandris, Antony
Chatzidakis, Georgios N.
Chatzimichail, Theophilos
Chersonese, Thracian
Chersonesus
Children
Chios
Choricius of Gaza
Chortatsis, Georgios
Christianity
Chronicles
Chronology
Chrysaphes, Manuel
Chrysoloras, Manuel
Church-State Relations
Cilicia
Cimon
Cinema
Cities
City State
Civil War
Classical Period
Cleisthenes
Clement of Alexandria, St
Cleomenes III
Cleopatra
Climate
Coinage
Colonization
Comedy
Commonwealth, Byzantine
Communist Party
Constantine I
Constantine I the Great
Constantine V
Constantine VII
Constantine IX Monomachos
Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantinople
Constantinople, Fall of
Constantinople, Sack of
Constitution
Contraception
Conversion to Islam
Copais, Lake
Copper and Tin
Copts
Corfu
Corinth
Corinth, Sack of
Coronation
Corruption
Corydalleus, Theophilos
Cos
Cosmology
Councils, Ecumenical
Crates of Mallus
Crete
Crimea
Croatia
Crusades
Cult
Cyclades
Cynics
Cyprus
Cyrenaica
Cyrene
Cyril I Lukaris
Cyril, St
Cyril of Alexandria, St
Cythera

Dalmatia
Damaskinos, Michael
Dance
Dark Age
Dead, cult of the
Death
Delian League
Deliyannis, Theodoros
Delos
Delphi
Demetrius, St
Democracy
Demography
Demons and Spirits
Demosthenes
Dialectic
Dialects
Diaspora
Digenis Akritis
Dimaras, K.T.
Dio Cocceianus
Diocese
Diodorus Siculus
Diogenes Laertius
Diogenes of Sinope
Dionysios of Phourna
Dionysius I
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Dionysius the Areopagite, pseudo-Dioscurides
Diplomacy
Disease
Dithyramb
Divination
Divorce
Dodecanese
Dodona
Dorians
Doukas family
Dowry
Doxiadis, Constantinos Apostolou
Dreams
Dress
Dyrrachium

Eagle, Double-Headed
EAM and ELAS
Earthquakes
Ecology
Economy
Ecumenism
Education
Egypt
Eleusis
Elytis, Odysseus
Emigration
Empedocles
Enamel
Enlightenment
Enosis
Epaminondas
Ephesus
Ephorus
Ephraim the Syrian, St