Alan Gallay - Colonial wars of North America, 1512-1763 an encyclopedia

Routledge Revivals

Colonial Wars of North America 15121763

First published in 1996, this encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference resource that pulls together a vast amount of material on a rich historical era, presenting it in a balanced way that offers hard-to-find facts and detailed information. The volume was the first encyclopedic account of the United States colonial military experience. It features 650 essays by more than 130 historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers, and other scholarly experts on a variety of topics that cover all of colonial Americas diverse peoples. In addition to wars, battles, and treaties, analytical essays explore the diplomatic and military history of over 50 Native American groups, as well as Dutch, English, French, Spanish, and Swiss colonies. Its the first source to consult for the political activities of an Indian nation, the details about the disposition of forces in a battle, or the significance of a fort to its size, location, and strength. In addition to its reference capabilities, the books detailed material has been, and will continue to be highly useful to students as a supplementary text and as a handy source for reporters and papers.

An Encyclopedia

Edited by

Alan Gallay

First published in 1996

by Garland Publishing Inc.

This edition first published in 2015 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1996 Alan Gallay

The right of Alan Gallay to be identified as editor of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 89033996

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-89108-1 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-70985-7 (ebk)

Colonial Wars of North America, 15121763
An Encyclopedia

Editor
Alan Gallay

Copyright 1996 Alan Gallay
All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Colonial wars of North America, 15121763 : an encyclopedia / editor,

Alan Gallay

p. cm. (Garland reference library of the humanities ; vol. 1245. Military history of the United States ; v. 5)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8240-7208-1 (alk. paper)

1. North AmericaHistory, MilitaryEncyclopedias. 2. West IndiesHistory, MilitaryEncyclopedias. I. Gallay, Alan. II. Series: Garland reference library of the humanities ; vol. 1245. III. Series: Garland reference library of the humanities. Military history of the United States ; vol. 5.

E46.5.C651996

970dc20

95-43577

CIP

Cover design by Lawrence Wolfson Design, New York.
Cover photograph courtesy of Bettman Archive.

Printed on acid-free, 250-year-life paper
Manufactured in the United States of America

Colonial Wars of North America, 15121763: An Encyclopedia fills an important gap in available reference volumes for early American history. Much of the subject matter included in the encyclopedia has not appeared in other reference works and has received little or no attention in the secondary sources. Designed to provide ready reference on a variety of historical issues, peoples, and events, the encyclopedia not only provides useful essays on traditional topics of interest to scholars and students but also rescues the obscure and points the way to new areas of inquiry.

Geographic coverage is extensive, encompassing the present United States (including areas often overlooked in general histories, such as the Spanish Southwest and Russian Alaska), as well as relevant essays on Canada, the West Indies, and elsewhere. Beginning with the Spanish conquistadors and extending through Pontiacs War in 1763, this encyclopedia broadly defines warfare to include the military and diplomatic histories of a great variety of early American peoples. Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans all actively participated in the wars of colonial America, and it has been the intention of the editor of this work to purposely eschew an Anglocentric focus. The essays provide a wealth of information in the form of group and colony histories, biographies, and essays on forts, locales, conflicts, treaties, and intercultural relationships. Additionally, there are numerous essays on topics related to warfare, such as weaponry, technology, supply, and medical services.

With almost 700 essays written by more than 135 contributors from several different countries, it was inevitable that problems of nomenclature would arise. These problems are compounded by the multiplicity of terms and alternative spellings in both historical and contemporary works for wars, battles, treaties, forts, and peoples. Although spelling has been altered to a single standard in many instances, I have left intact the variety of terms used to describe a single item. For example, reference in the encyclopedia is made to the Lenni Lenape, but readers looking for the main entry will find the notation: See Delaware. Extensive cross-referencing and the index will assist readers through the maze of multiple terms for single items.

The selection of titles for essays was at times a daunting task, and I appreciate the assistance provided by the authors. Some titles have been altered from common usage to provide clarity to the item described. Pontiacs Rebellion, for instance, has been transposed into Pontiacs War, for rebellion refers to a conflict between a subject people and their rulers (or conquerors), which in this case does not describe the historical situation.

For the nomenclature that describes the wars for empire between England and France from 1689 to 1763, I generally have selected the term most often used to describe the American theater of conflict in United States histories. Thus, the War of the League of Augsburg is referred to as King Williams War; the War of the Spanish Succession is termed Queen Annes War; the War of the Austrian Succession becomes King Georges War. On the other hand, the French and Indian Waran American termhas been replaced by the Seven Years War to reflect current historiographical usage and denote this wars more global nature than the earlier conflicts.