Caroline Keen - An Imperial Crisis in British India: The Manipur Uprising of 1891

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Caroline Keen holds a PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. She is the author of Princely India and the British: Political Development and the Operation of Empire (I.B.Tauris).

This is an exciting story and it is well told by a confident and engaging author. The Manipur incident, though small scale, is important, because it shows that it was impossible to work out a one size fits all pattern for the government of India in dealing with the Native States, that is, those not under direct Government of India rule. In its dealings with Manipur, the government got it wrong on all counts it was a classic British fudge of ignoring the man nearest to the situation, Frank Grimwood, and getting boxed into a corner from which there was no retreat. Grippingly told, this is a valuable addition to the story of colonial India.

Rosie Llewellyn-Jones, author of The Last King in India

AN IMPERIAL
CRISIS IN
BRITISH INDIA

The Manipur Uprising of 1891

C AROLINE K EEN

Published in 2015 by

I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd

London New York

www.ibtauris.com

Copyright 2015 Caroline Keen

The right of Caroline Keen to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Every attempt has been made to gain permission for the use of the images in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in future editions.

References to websites were correct at the time of writing.

International Library of Colonial History 22

ISBN: 978 1 78453 103 4

eISBN: 978 0 85773 764 9

ePDF: 978 1 78673 987 2

A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The Irang river on the Cachar Road from Manipur (The Alkazi Collection of Photography)

Frank St Clair Grimwood from a photograph by Vandyk, reproduced in My Three Years in Manipur

Ethel St Clair Grimwood from a photograph by Vandyk, reproduced in My Three Years in Manipur

Prince Tikendrajit Bir Singh (Pictures from History)

South Wall of the citadel showing the maharajas palace through the domed gateway (The Alkazi Collection of Photography)

The Manipur residency with escort and two sons of James Johnstone (The Alkazi Collection of Photography)

The Lion Gate leading to the durbar room and polo ground (from a private collection)

Kula Chandra Singh, Regent of Manipur, and Thangal General, after their capture (Pictures from History)

LIST OF MAPS

Map 1. Map of Manipur and the Naga Hills, James Johnstone, 1896 (Pictures from History)

Diagram of Manipur fort adapted from R. E. Survey, 189

FAMILY TREE: DESCENDANTS OF GARIB NIWAZ

DRAMATIS PERSONAE

The Palace

Angao Senna, prince of Manipur

Bhairabijit Singh, Pucca Senna, prince of Manipur and commander of the horse

Chandra Kirtee Singh, maharaja of Manipur 185086

Chura Chand, maharaja of Manipur 18911941

Gopal Senna, prince of Manipur and Dooloroi Hengeba or commander of the doolies

Jatra Singh, keeper of the maharaja's stores

Kesarjit Singh, prince of Manipur and Samoo Hengeba or commander of the elephants

Kula Chandra Singh, Jubraj or crown prince; known later as regent

Mia Major, army commander

Nilamani Singh, Ayapurel or officer in charge of the maharaja's escort

Samoo Singh, the Luang Ningthou, high-ranking official and member of the Top Guard

Sur Chandra, maharaja of Manipur 188690

Thangal General, formerly army chief and minister of state

Tikendrajit Bir Singh, alias Koireng, prince of Manipur and Senapati, or commander in chief

Usurba, guard attached to Quinton's party

Zillah Singh, youngest prince of Manipur

The Residency

Frank St Clair Grimwood, political agent in Manipur 188891

Ethel St Clair Grimwood, wife of Frank

Col. James Johnstone, political agent in Manipur 187786

Lt. W. H. Simpson, 43rd Gurkha Light Infantry, visiting detachment at Langthobal

Rassik Lal Kundu, head clerk to Political Agency

The Chief Commissioners Escort

Capt. T. S. Boileau, 44th Gurkha Rifles (GR)

Lt. L. W. Brackenbury, 44th GR

Capt. G. H. Butcher, 42nd GR

Surgeon J. T. Calvert, medical officer 42nd GR

Lt. J. B. Chatterton, 42nd GR

W. Cossins, assistant secretary to chief commissioner of Assam

Capt. J. W. Cowley, 43rd GR, commanding detachment from Cachar

Durga Dutt, jemadar 44th GR

Gunna Ram, bugler 44th GR

Lt. P. R. Gurdon, assistant commissioner of Assam

Lt. E. J. Lugard, 42nd GR

J. W. Quinton, chief commissioner of Assam

Col. C. McDowall Skene, 42nd GR commanding escort

Lt. C. S. Williams, 43rd GR, in Cowley's detachment

Signaller C. S. Williams, telegraph officer

Lt. Albert Woods, assistant commissioner of Assam

Field Force

Birbal Nagarkoti, jemadar of 43rd Gurkha Rifles in charge of Langthobal detachment

Brig.-Gen. H. Collett, commanding officer of Assam District and commander of the Manipur field force (Kohima column)

Capt. F. M. Drury, commanding reconnaissance party, 4th Gurkha Rifles

Brig.-Gen. T. Graham, commanding officer of Myingyan District of Burma and commander of the Tammu column

Lt. C. J. W. Grant, 12th Burma Rifles, stationed at Tammu

Major H. St John Maxwell, deputy commissioner in Cachar and president of the court for trial of senior Manipuri officers; political agent in Manipur 18913, 18956, 18991902 and 19045

Lt.-Col. St John F. Michell, in Cachar column and president of the court for trial of princes

Lt.-Col. R. H. Rennick, commander of Cachar column

Major R. K. Ridgeway, 44th GR in Kohima column and member of court for trial of princes

Others

Viscount Cross, secretary of state for India

A. W. Davis, assistant political officer in Kohima and member of court for trial of princes

Capt. du Moulin, correspondent of The Allahabad Pioneer

Col. H. M. Evans, 43rd Gurkha Rifles, and president of military Court of Enquiry

The Marquess of Lansdowne, viceroy of India

Mano Mohun Ghose, advocate of the High Court in Calcutta

W. B. Melville, superintendent of the Telegraph Department in Assam

J. O'Brien, telegraph officer

Sir Frederick Roberts, commander in chief in India

MANIPUR UPRISING TIME LINE

May 1886:

Maharaja Chandra Kirtee Singh dies; succeeded by his son, Sur Chandra Singh.

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