Rutledge - Enemy on the Euphrates : the British occupation of Iraq and the Great Arab Revolt, 1914-1921

ON THE

EUPHRATES

The British Occupation of Iraq
and the Great Arab Revolt 19141921

Ian Rutledge

SAQI

Published 2014 by Saqi Books

Copyright Ian Rutledge 2014

ISBN 978 0 86356 762 9
eISBN 978 0 86356 767 4

Ian Rutledge has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

Every effort has been made to obtain necessary permission with reference to copyright material. The publishers apologise if inadvertently any sources remain unacknowledged and will be happy to correct this in any future editions.

First published 2014 in Great Britain by

Saqi Books
26 Westbourne Grove
London W2 5RH

www.saqibooks.co.uk

A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.

Printed and bound by Bookwell in Finland

For Diana, as always.

And for my beloved children,
Joanna, Daniel, Zoe and Emilie

What we want is some kind of modicum of Arab institutions which we can safely leave while pulling the strings ourselves, something which wont cost very much but in which our influence and political and economic interests will be secure.

Sir Arthur Hirtzel, February 1920

Whereas most westerners have no knowledge of the 1920 uprising, generations of Iraqi schoolchildren have grown up learning how nationalist heroes stood up against foreign armies and imperialism in towns like Falluja, Baquba and Najaf the Iraqi equivalents of Lexington and Concord.

Eugene Rogan, The Arabs: A History

This has been kept as simple as possible. The symbol has been used for the letter ayn and for the glottal stop hamza. The feminine ending taa marbuta has simply been rendered as a final a (not ah or at). No subscript or superscript marks have been used. When an Arabic word or name which has entered the English lexicon appears, its customary English spelling has been retained (e.g. sheikh, not shaykh).