Dismantling the Iraqi Nuclear
Programme
This book is an authoritative account of the nuclear weapons inspections regime in Iraq from 1991 to 1998.
Without a proper understanding of those years, the 2003 US invasion of Iraq after a futile WMD search remains unintelligible. In the 1990s, after adapting to a completely new kind of intrusive inspections with unprecedented access rights, the IAEA discovered and dismantled Iraqs clandestine nuclear weapons program and put in place an efficient monitoring system which could have contained Saddam Husseins attempts to reconstitute his nuclear programs had he ever tried to. However, the politicization of the inspection process led to an end of the inspections in 1998.
Based on various sources including inspection reports and other documents in the archive of the IAEA Iraq Action Team at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Dismantling the Iraqi Nuclear Programme presents completely new information about the weapons inspection regime in Iraq and offers valuable lessons for future non-proliferation and disarmament cases. The book also draws on discourse from Iraqi scientists, which provides a close look into not only the motivation of involved Iraqis, but also Iraqi concealment mechanisms.
This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, arms control, Middle Eastern politics, diplomacy, international security and IR.
Gudrun Harrer is Lecturer in Modern Middle Eastern History, Politics and Culture, at the University of Vienna, and has a PhD in International Relations.
Routledge New Diplomacy Studies
Series Editors: Corneliu Bjola
University of Oxford
and
Markus Kornprobst
Diplomatic Academy of Vienna
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Dismantling the Iraqi Nuclear Programme
The inspections of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 19911998
Gudrun Harrer
Dismantling the Iraqi Nuclear
Programme
The inspections of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 19911998
Gudrun Harrer
First published 2014
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2014 Gudrun Harrer
The right of Gudrun Harrer to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Harrer, Gudrun, 1959
Dismantling the Iraqi nuclear programme: the inspections of the
International Atomic Energy Agency, 19911998 / Gudrun Harrer.
pages cm. (Routledge new diplomacy studies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-415-82839-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-203-62869-0
(e-book) 1. Nuclear weaponsIraq. 2. Nuclear facilities
InspectionIraq. 3. Nuclear arms controlVerificationIraq.
4. DisarmamentOn-site inspectionIraq. 5. International Atomic
Energy Agency. I. Title.
UA853.I75H37 2014
327.17470956709049dc23
2013027541
ISBN: 978-0-415-82839-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-62869-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Baskerville
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
This book would not have been possible without the support of many people, starting with those who participated in the events described in this study and were willing to share their experiences with me. I want to highlight the invaluable contribution of a number of Iraqis to my book, and particularly Dr. Jafar Dhia Jafars fascinating insights into the Iraqi scientists world under Saddam Hussein
I would also like to thank those from the International Atomic Energy Agency and other institutions who supported my research, and specifically Hans Blix, Richard Hooper and Jacques Baute. If there is any quality in this work, I owe it to them I take full responsibility for any inaccuracies. I should also mention my friends from the academic world who encouraged me throughout this work: my Doktorvater Helmut Kramer from the University of Vienna and Markus Kornprobst from the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna who provided precious advice. Craig Crossen corrected the first, much longer version of my manuscript and Nicole Heydari copy-edited and formatted this book. I thank her for her impeccable professionalism and kindness.
In attempting to provide a balanced account of the events leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, this book reveals the other side of the nuclear inspections which has remained largely untold. It recounts an Iraqi story, which is but one part of the immense suffering that Iraqis have endured in the last decades. My heart is with them.
ABN Auqba bin Nafi General Establishment
AEC Atomic Energy Commission (USA)
AVLIS Atomic Vapor Isotope Separation
BMVC Baghdad Monitoring and Verification Center
BTWC Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
CAFCD Currently Accurate, Full, and Complete Declaration
DCI Director of Central Intelligence
CD Conference on Disarmament
CFE Conventional Forces in Europe
CNC Computer Numeric Controlled
CNEN Comitato Nazionale lEnergia Nucleare (Italy)
CPA Coalition Provisional Authority
CVL Copper Vapor Laser
DMZ Demilitarized Zone
DPRK Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN)
EDC Engineering Design Center (Iraq)