ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: VLADIMIR LENIN
Volume 2
LENIN AND THE END OF POLITICS
LENIN AND THE END OF POLITICS
A. J. POLAN
First published in 1984 by Methuen & Co. Ltd
This edition first published in 2017
by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1984 A. J. Polan
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-415-79274-5 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-315-20438-3 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-63722-1 (Volume 2) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-20552-6 (Volume 2) (ebk)
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.
LENIN
AND THE
END OF
POLITICS
A. J. POLAN
METHUEN
First published in 1984 by
Methuen & Co. Ltd
11 NewFetter Lane
London EC4P 4EE
1984 A. J. Polan
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprintedor reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Polan, A. J.
Lenin and the end of politics.
1. Lenin, V. I. Gosudarstvo i revoliutsiia
2. Socialism 3. State, The I. Title
320.1 HX314.L3529
ISBN 0-416-37010-1
ISBN 0-416-37020-9 Pbk
CONTENTS
TO
MY MOTHER AND FATHER
This book originated as a piece of work which eventually became a PhD thesis for the University of Durham. Huw Beynon, as my supervisor, provided help, encouragement, advice, guidance and friendship just when these were most needed, as well as the opportunity to pursue the project in the first place. Thanks are also due to David Rosenberg, without whose constant pressure and comforting confidence in my capacities this work would certainly never have been started and probably not finished.
My greatest debt is to my friend of many years, Ted Jones. As a constant source of intellectual stimulation and fruitful argument, he contributed immeasurably to the ideas that are presented in the following pages, although, of course, he cannot be held responsible for those parts with which he might nevertheless disagree. Bob Miller, John Crook and Bob Greenwood were indispensable companions and critics throughout the project, and my gratitude also goes to Marilyn Polan, Terry Austrin, David Lister, Barbara Jones, Lisa Hilson, John Paterson, Liz Cantell, Andy Kellaher, Tony Morrison, Janet Hall and Claude Jean-Alexis, who helped in their different ways, perhaps when they least realized it. Professor Zygmunt Bauman of Leeds University, Irving Velody of Durham University, and Professor Bernard Crick suggested amendments which improved the style and the argument, and Gavin Kitching was remarkably effective in arranging for publication. My appreciation goes also to Nancy Marten of Methuen for her enthusiasm and encouragement.
Throughout the writing of the book I was a member of the staff of Heston Comprehensive School, Hounslow. This civilized and civilizing community contributed in no small measure to my ability to complete the project at the same time as doing a job which, throughout, remained enjoyable and compatible with the activity of research and writing. My acknowledgements therefore go to the headmaster, Mr M. C. Moulton, the deputies, Jill Isles and, again, John Crook, the rest of the staff past and present, and, in a special way, those Sixth Form groups who so often provided a stimulating and critical sounding-board for ideas. Financial assistance was generously provided by Hounslow Education Committee.
TONY POLAN
September 1983
To suffer woes which hope thinks infinite;
To forgive wrongs darker than death or night;
To defy power, which seems omnipotent;
To love and bear; to hope till hope creates
From its own wreck the thing it contemplates;
Neither to change nor falter nor repent;
This, like thy glory, Titan, is to be
Good, great and joyous, beautiful and free;
This is alone life, joy empire, and victory.
Shelley, Prometheus Unbound
Few would deny that the events in Poland in 1980 and 1981 were among the most remarkable in recent history. From the shattered wreck of the aspirations of those months, little perhaps is for the moment left, apart, indisputably, from that creative hope that Shelley celebrates. But it is necessary to think as well as to hope. One thing clearly worth thinking about is the strategy pursued by the Solidarity leadership, which on the face of it was, to say the least, puzzling and confusing. The apparent puzzle is that Solidarity displayed a remarkable and perhaps unprecedented confidence and aggressiveness in pursuance of its demands, while refusing nevertheless to translate this into a political programme or movement. The stance adopted was in fact quite the reverse, the movement being apparently determined to resist any definition of its activities or aims as political.