Paul Mckechnie - Outsiders in the Greek Cities in the Fourth Century BC

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Routledge Revivals

Outsiders in the Greek Cities in the
Fourth Century BC

During the fourth century BC the number of Greeks who did nor live as citizens in the city-states of southern mainland Greece increased considerably: mercenaries, pirates, itinerant artisans and traders, their origins differed widely. It has been argued that this increase was caused by the destruction of many Greek cities in the wars of the fourth century, accompanied by the large programme of settlement begun by Alexander in the East and Timoleon in the West. Although this was an important factor, argues Dr McKechnie, more crucial was an ideological deterioration of loyalties to the city: the polis was no longer absolutely normative in the fourth century and Hellenistic periods.

With so many outsiders with specialist skills, Alexander and his successors were able to recruit the armies and colonists needed to conquer and maintain empires many times larger than any single polis had ever controlled.

Outsiders in the Greek Cities
in the Fourth Century BC

Paul McKechnie

First published in 1989
by Routledge

This edition first published in 2014 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1989 Paul McKechnie

The right of Paul McKechnie to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 88022972

ISBN 13: 978-0-415-74057-9 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-81558-9 (ebk)

Outsiders in the Greek
Cities in the Fourth
Century BC

Paul McKechnie

First published 1989 by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

1989 Paul R. McKechnie

Typeset by Witwell Ltd, Southport
and printed in Great Britain by
T. J. Press (Padstow) Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

McKechnie, Paul
Outsiders in the Greek cities in the
fourth century B.C.
1. Ancient Greece. Cities. Social life.
B.C. 400-B.C. 300
I. Title
938'.06
ISBN 0 415 00340 7

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

McKechnie, Paul
Outsiders in the Greek cities in the fourth century
B.C./Paul McKechnie.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Greece-Social conditions-To 146 B.C. 2. Cities and
towns, AncientGreeceHistory. I. Title.
HN650.5.A8M43 1989
306'.0938dc 19

Contents

This book is an attempt at examining an important side of the social history of Greece in the later half of the classical period. It is intended to be of use to anyone studying this period beyond an elementary level so that quotations from Greek are given in English, and some more recondite parts of my D.Phil, thesis (of which the book is a straight-forward revision) have been shortened or even omitted. I have generally latinised the English spelling of Greek personal names, and used what I take to be the most familiar forms of place names.

Money towards doing the research on which this book is based came from the Department of Education and Science (through a Major State Studentship) and also the Electors to the Prendergast Studentship (Cambridge University) and the judges of the Ancient History Prize Competition (Oxford University). Besides these I must thank Routledge, not only for publishing the book but also for encouraging revision work by the award of the Croom Helm Ancient History Prize (1986).

Connoisseurs of the work of Professor David Lewis will, I hope, find at least some faint reflection of his teaching in this book. His was the chief guiding hand in my work on the thesis in so far as I was not too stubborn to be guided. Mr George Cawkwell and Dr Simon Hornblower also gave comment and guidance, as did Professor George Forrest and Dr Michel Austin, who examined me for the D.Phil. On the other hand, the book's defects are or reflect my own defects.

The typing work at various times of Mrs June Russell, Mrs Dorothy Palmquist and Mrs Jane Chirambo has been a help and a great encouragement. And I must express my love and thanks to Jenny McKechnie, who a dozen times has heard me say, 'I've finished it!' without being likely to believe it until the printed book arrives.

P. McK.
Kamuzu Academy, Malawi

Abbreviations of periodical titles are given either in Anne Philologique form or an expanded version of it. The following abbreviations for standard works are used.

APF J. K. Davies, Athenian Propertied Families (Oxford, 1971).

CAH Cambridge Ancient History VI (Cambridge, 1927); VII (second edition), Part I (Cambridge. 1984).

FGrHist F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker I (Berlin, 1923-9; Leiden, 1940-).

HCT A. W. Gomme, A. Andrewes and K. J. Dover, A Historical Commentary on Thucydides I-V (Oxford, 1945-81).

IG Inscriptiones Graecae (Berlin, 1873).

Kock T. Kock, Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta IIII (Leipzig, 1880-8).

Koerte A. Koerte, Menandri quae supersunt; reliquiae apud veteres scriptores servatae edidit A. Koerte (Leipzig, 1959).

Lewis and Short C. T. Lewis and C. Short, A Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1879).

LSJ H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (ninth edition, Oxford, 1968).

ML R. Meiggs and D. M. Lewis, A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions to the End of the Fifth Century B.C. (Oxford, 1969).

Nauck TGF 2 A. Nauck, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (second edition, Leipzig, 1889).

OGIS W. Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae III (Leipzig, 1903 and 1905).

OLD P. G. W. Glare, Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford, 1982).

P. Eleph. O. Rubensohn, Elephantine Papyri (Berlin, 1907).

P. Oxy. Oxyrhynchus Papyri (London, 1898-).

P. Tebt. I-IV Tebtunis Papyri (London, 190276).

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