Peter Heather - Christendom: The Triumph of a Religion, AD 300-1300
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- Book:Christendom: The Triumph of a Religion, AD 300-1300
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Christendom: The Triumph of a Religion, AD 300-1300: summary, description and annotation
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In the fourth century AD, a new faith grew out of Palestine, overwhelming the paganism of Rome and resoundingly defeating a host of other rival belief systems. Almost a thousand years later, all of Europe was controlled by Christian rulers, and the religion, ingrained within culture and society, exercised a monolithic hold over its population. But how did a small sect of isolated and intensely committed congregations become a mass movement centrally directed from Rome? As Peter Heather shows in this illuminating new history, there was nothing inevitable about Christendoms rise and eventual dominance.
From Constantine the Greats pivotal conversion to Christianity to the crisis that followed the collapse of the Roman empirewhich left the religion teetering on the edge of extinctionto the astonishing revolution of the eleventh century and beyond, out of which the Papacy emerged as the head of a vast international corporation, Heather traces Christendoms chameleonlike capacity for self-reinvention, as it not only defined a fledgling religion but transformed it into an institution that wielded effective authority across virtually all of the disparate peoples of medieval Europe.
Authoritative, vivid, and filled with new insights, this is an unparalleled history of early Christianity.
Peter Heather: author's other books
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Its completely impossible to thank everyone who deserves a specific mention. This book has been too long in the making, and I owe too much to too many people. A few brief thoughts will have to stand in place, therefore, of a properly comprehensive listing.
A huge thank you, first of all, to everyone at Penguin who has worked so hard to refine my original drafts. Tom Penn has laboured tirelessly, as has Eva Hodgkin, and I cant thank them enough. Thank you too to my wonderful picture researcher, Cecilia Mackay, and to Richard Duguid and the small army of copy-editors and proofreaders who have helped bring the text to completion.
My stellar academic colleagues at Kings College past and present have been a constant source of intellectual inspiration and, often too, of very specific help. As indeed, have the several generations of masters and undergraduate students who have taken successive versions of the courses I adapted to help drive this project forward. Theyve contributed far more than they know, and theres nothing like trying to explain your thinking to a class of appropriately sceptical students to make you work out what youre really trying to say. In reality, though, this book is the result of all the direct and indirect intellectual stimulus that I have been lucky enough to receive since I was first introduced to the early history of Christianity as an undergraduate. This period now stretches over four decades and more, and Im only too aware of the collective debt I owe to many.
Last, but certainly not least, I need to apologize to the friends and family whove volunteered to read large parts of the text, or listen to various of its component ideas more or less ad nauseam, or even I am so sorry to help with editing and indexing. Im aware, too, that I always start big projects with more or less boundless enthusiasm before becoming progressively irritable and hard to live with, as they slowly wind their way to completion. I cannot promise that this will necessarily change in the future, but I am so very grateful for the forbearance of my nearest and dearest, and I will try to do better.
My very final word is for Felicity Bryan. She is sadly late and much missed; not just by me. It was Felicity who suggested that Penguin would provide the right home for this project. As usual, she was entirely correct.
The Goths in the Fourth Century (with John Matthews)
Goths and Romans, 332489
The Goths
The Fall of the Roman Empire
Empires and Barbarians
The Restoration of Rome
Rome Resurgent
PETER HEATHER is chair of Medieval History at Kings College, London. His many books include The Fall of the Roman Empire;Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development and the Birth of Europe; The Restoration of Rome and, most recently, Rome Resurgent. He lives in London.
As per normal conventions, editions of standard classical works are not cited in the bibliography; most are translated in either or both of the Loeb and Penguin Classics series. All Christian authors are available, if sometimes in outdated form, in Patrologia Latina or Patrologia Graeca editions. More recent (sometimes competing) editions of most of the texts cited in the introductions and notes can be found in GCS (Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte), CSEL (Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum), CC (Corpus Christianorum), and SC (Sources Chrtiennes). Many are translated in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, and Library of the Fathers collections. Many medieval texts are available in excellent editions in the different strands of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) series. Otherwise, the following editions and English translations have been used:
Abelard, The History of My Calamities: trans. Muckle (1964).
Acts of Toledo III: ed. Vives (1963).
Admonitio Generalis: trans. King (1987).
Admonitio synodalis: ed. Amiet (1964); trans. Reid (1991).
Alcuin, Letters: trans. Loyn and Percival (1975).
Amalarius, Liber Officalis: trans. Knibbs (2014).
Ammianus Marcellinus: ed. and trans. Rolfe (19359).
Anglo-Saxon lawcodes (thelberht, Wihtred and Ine): trans. Whitelock (1996).
Annals of Fulda (AF): trans. Reuter (1992).
Anonymous Collection in 74 Titles: ed. and trans. Gilchrist (1973), (1980).
Ardo, Life of Benedict (of Aniane): trans. Cabaniss (1979).
The Letter of Auxentius of Durostorum: trans. Heather and Matthews (1991).
Avitus, Letters: trans. Shanzer and Wood (2002).
The Battle of Maldon: trans. Griffiths (1991).
Bede, Ecclesiastical History: ed. and trans. Colgrave and Mynors (1991).
Bede, Letter to Egbert: trans. Whitelock (1996).
Boniface, Letters: trans. Talbot (1981).
Book of the Icelanders: trans. Grnlie (2006).
Braulio of Saragossa, Letters: trans. Barlow (1969).
Life of Caesarius: ed. Morin (2010); trans. Klingshirn (1994a).
Canterbury Visitation: trans. Rothwell (1975).
Capitularies of Charlemagne: partial trans. King (1987).
Cartae Baronum of 1166: trans. Douglas and Greenaway (1952).
Cassiodorus, Institutes: trans. Halporn and Vessey (2004).
Cassiodorus, Variae: trans. Bjornlie (2019), cf. Barnish (1992).
Charlemagne, De litteris colendis: trans. King (1987).
Charles the Great and Leo the Pope: trans. Godman (1985).
Chrodegang of Metz, Rules: trans. Bertram (2005).
Chronicon Paschale: text Dindorf (1832); trans. Whitby and Whitby (1989).
Codex Carolinus: partial trans. King (1987).
Codex Theodosianus (CTh): trans. Pharr (1952).
Life of Columbanus (and associated texts): trans. OHara and Wood (2017).
Life of Constantine (Cyril): trans. Kantor (1983).
Corpus Iuris Civilis:
1. Institutiones (Institutes) and Digesta (Digest): text Krger and Mommsen (1928); trans. Birks and McLeod (1987), Watson et al. (1998).
2. Codex Justinianus (CJ): text Krger (1929); trans. Scott (1932).
3. Novellae (Novels): text Schll and Kroll (1928); trans. Scott (1932).
Life of Cuthbert: trans. Colgrave (1985).
Dhuoda: partial trans. Dutton (2004).
Didache: trans. Stevenson (1957).
Didascalia: trans. Gibson (1903).
The Dream of the Rood: trans. Bradley (1982).
Dream of the Shepherd of Hermas: trans. Stevenson (1957).
Einhard, Life of Charlemagne: trans. Dutton (1998).
Eulogius, Memorial of the Saints: trans. Wolf (2019).
Eunapius of Sardis, Lives of the Sophists: ed. and trans. Wright (1922).
Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History: trans. McGiffert (1905).
Eusebius of Caesarea, Life of Constantine: trans. Cameron and Hall (1999).
Eusebius of Caesarea, History of the Martyrs in Palestine: trans. Cureton (2016).
Fructuosus, Monastic Rules: trans. Barlow (1969).
Life of Gerald of Aurillac: trans. Sitwell (1958).
Gesta Francorum: trans. Hill (1962).
Gratian, Decretum: partial trans. Thompson and Gordley (1993).
Pope Gregory I, Letters: trans. Martyn (2004).
Pope Gregory VII, Letters: trans. Cowdrey (2002).
Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Confessors: trans. Van Dam (1988).
Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Martyrs: trans. Van Dam (1988a).
Gregory of Tours, Histories: trans. Thorpe (1974).
Gregory of Tours, Life of the Fathers: trans. James (1985).
Life of St Guthlac: trans. Colgrave (1956).
Harrowing of Hell (Anglo-Saxon version): trans. Bradley (1982).
Hydatius, Chronicle: trans. Burgess (1993).
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