Mary Ellen Snodgrass - World Food: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture and Social Influence from Hunter Gatherers to the Age of Globalization

World Food

An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence from Hunter-Gatherers to the Age of Globalization

Mary Ellen Snodgrass

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2013 by M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen.
World food: an encyclopedia of history, culture, and social influence from hunter-gatherers to the age of
globalization / Mary Ellen Snodgrass.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7656-8278-9 (cloth: alk, paper)
1. FoodHistoryEncyclopedias. 2. CookingHistoryEncyclopedias. I. Title.
TX349.S66 2013
641.303dc23
2012014375

Printed and bound in the United States

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z 39.48.1984.

CW (c) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Publisher : Myron E. Sharpe
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Vice President and Production Director : Carmen Chetti
Executive Development Editor : Jeff Hacker
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Editorial Assistant : Lauren LoPinto
Text Design and Cover Design : Jesse Sanchez

Every social gathering and holiday is
With a feast begun and terminated;
And before our heads can have their say,
Our bellies must be fully sated.

Pellegrino Artusi
La Scienza in Cucina e lArte di Mangiar Bene , 1891

• Additives, Food
• Adulterated Food
• Aphrodisiacs
• Condiments
• Dye, Food
• Genetically Modified Food
• Herbs
• Hormones in Food
• Industrial Food Processing
• Monosodium Glutamate
• Sauces and Saucing
• Spices
• Sugar and Sweeteners
• Trans Fat

• Agribusiness
• Agriculture
• Agroecology
• Animal Husbandry
• Dairy Food
• Espaliering
• Farm Subsidies and Government Agricultural Programs
• Free-Range Foods
• Fructarianism
• Green house Horticulture
• Hybridization
• Kitchen Gardening
• Milling
• Monoculture
• Organic Foods
• Physic Gardening
• Plant Disease and Prevention
• Raw Cuisine
• Swiddens
• Veganism
• Vegetarianism

• Art, Food in
• Cookbooks
• Film, Food in
• Food Network
• Larousse Gastronomique
• Literature, Food in

• Abreu, Antnio de, and Francisco Serrao
• Apicius
• Athenaeus
• Beard, James
• Bor, Jean tienne de
• Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme
• Burbank, Luther
• Carme, Marie-Antoine
• Charlemagne
• Child, Julia
• Columbus, Christopher
• Cook, James
• Corts, Hernn de
• Culpeper, Nicholas
• Cussy, Louis, Marquis de
• Darwin, Charles
• Daubenton, Louis Jean-Marie
• David, Elizabeth
• De Soto, Hernando
• Delessert, Benjamin
• Daz, Bernal
• Dubois, Flix Urbain
• Durante, Castor
• Eliot, Jared
• Escoffier, Georges Auguste
• Frzier, Amde Franois
• Gama, Vasco da
• Hanna, Gordie C.
• Herodotus
• Hiatt, Jesse
• Huou
• Ibn Battuta
• Jefferson, Thomas
• Jimnez de Quesada, Gonzalo
• La Varenne, Pierre
• Laprouse, Jean Franois Galaup
• Las Casas, Bartolom de
• Liebig, Justus von
• Lind, James
• Linnaeus, Carolus
• Livingston, A.W.
• Marshall, Agnes
• Mdici, Catherine de
• Paula Marn, Francisco de
• Pliny the Elder
• Polo, Marco
• Proust, Joseph-Louis
• Randolph, Mary
• Rumford, Count
• Seacole, Mary Jane
• Sloane, Hans
• Soyer, Alexis
• Standish, Miles
• Taillevent
• Theophrastus
• Tull, Jethro
• Verrazzano, Giovanni da
• Voegtlin, Walter L.

• Barbecue
• Cooking Schools
• Cook-Offs
• Cookware
• Curing
• Dried Food
• Fast Food
• Fermented Foods
• Gourmet Cuisine
• Grilling
• Haute Cuisine
• Hearth Cookery
• Hot Pots
• Kitchen Lore
• Pickling
• Pit Cookery
• Slow Food
• Smoked Food
• Tea Ceremony
• Veganism
• Vegetarianism

• Afterlife and Food
• Cannibalism
• Customs, Food
• Feasting
• Halal
• Heirloom Plants
• Heritage Foods
• Holiday Dishes and Festival Foods
• Idiocuisine
• Kitchen Lore
• Kosher Food
• Language, Food
• Luau
• National Dishes
• Religion and Food
• Soul Food
• Street Food
• Symbolism, Food
• Taboos, Food
• Tea Ceremony
• Temperance

• African Diet and Cuisine, Sub-Saharan
• African Slave Diet
• Amerindian Diet
• Arab Diet and Cuisine
• Arctic Diet and Cuisine
• Australian Diet and Cuisine
• Aztec Diet and Cuisine
• Byzantine Diet and Cuisine
• Cajun Diet and Cuisine
• Cantonese Diet and Cuisine
• Caribbean Diet and Cuisine
• Creole Diet and Cuisine
• Crusaders Diet and Cuisine
• Egyptian Diet and Cuisine, Ancient
• Fertile Crescent Diet and Food Trade
• French Diet and Cuisine
• Fusion Cuisine
• Greek Diet and Cuisine, Ancient
• Immigrant Diet and Cuisine
• Inca Diet and Cuisine
• Indian Diet and Cuisine
• Indonesian Diet and Cuisine
• Israeli Diet and Cuisine
• Italian Diet and Cuisine
• Jacobean Diet and Cuisine
• Japanese Diet and Cuisine
• Korean Diet and Cuisine
• Mandarin Diet and Cuisine
• Medieval Diet and Cuisine
• Mediterranean Diet and Cuisine
• Mexican Diet and Cuisine
• Moravian Diet and Cuisine
• Nomad Diet and Cuisine
• North African Diet and Cuisine
• North American Diet and Cuisine
• Paleolithic Diet
• Pan-European Diet and Cuisine
• Pennsylvania Dutch Diet and Cuisine
• Persian Diet and Cuisine
• Phoenician Diet and Cuisine
• Polynesian Diet and Cuisine
• Portuguese Diet and Cuisine
• Regional Cuisine
• Roman Diet and Cuisine, Ancient
• Russian Diet and Cuisine
• Scandinavian Diet and Cuisine
• Seamans Diet and Cuisine
• Sicilian Diet and Cuisine