Oracle Essentials
Rick Greenwald
Robert Stackowiak
Jonathan Stern
Beijing Cambridge Farnham Kln Sebastopol Tokyo
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Preface
We dedicate this book to the memory of one of our original coauthors, Jonathan Stern. Jonathan unexpectedly passed away in March of 2007. Yet his memory lives on for those of us who knew him and, in many ways, for those who will read this book. Let us explain.
The original outline for this book was first assembled at the ubiquitous coffee shop located in the Sears Tower in Chicago. It was 1998 and the authors had gathered there with a common goal. We were all Oracle employees working in technical sales roles and had visited many organizations and companies. We found that many IT managers, Oracle Database Administrators (DBAs), and Oracle developers were quite adept at reading Oracles documentation, but seemed to be missing an understanding of the overall Oracle footprint and how to practically apply what they were reading. It was as if they had a recipe book, but were unclear on how to gather the right ingredients and mix them together successfully. This bothered all of us, but it particularly frustrated Jonathan.
Jonathan was the kind of person who sought to understand how things worked. Nothing delighted Jonathan more than gaining such an understanding, then spending hours thinking of ways to translate his understanding into something that would be more meaningful to others. He believed that a key role for himself while at Oracle was the transfer of such knowledge to others. He continued to perform similar roles later at other companies at which he worked.
Writing the first edition of Oracle Essentials was a lengthy process. Jonathan wrote several of the original chapters, and he also reviewed some of the other original work and was quick to identify where he thought something was wrong. For Jonathan, wrong meant that the text could be misinterpreted and that further clarity was needed to make sure the right conclusion was drawn. The first edition became much more useful through Jonathans efforts. He was always quite proud of that effort. Even as the book changed with succeeding editions and Jonathan moved on to other companies, he continued to feel that this book remained an important accomplishment in his life.
Some explanations of how Oracle works are fundamental to the database and have not changed in subsequent editions of the book, so some of Jonathans original work remains here, although much of the surrounding text is now considerably different. Of course, some entire sections describing the complex steps that were once needed to manage and deploy older releases of the database are no longer relevant and thus are no longer included. Jonathan would probably view Oracles self-managing, self-tuning, and cloud-enabling improvements as incredible achievements, but would also wonder whether it is a good thing that people can know even less today about how the database works but still deploy it.
So, we introduce you to the fifth edition of Oracle Essentials . We have made many changes in this edition. Some, of course, result from changes in features in Oracle Database 12 c and the ways that you can now use and deploy the latest release of the database. But we have also made a considerable effort to go back and rewrite parts of the book that we did not believe possessed the clarity needed by our readersclarity that Jonathan would want in such a book. So, he influences us still.
Goals of This Book
Our main goal is to give you a foundation for using the Oracle Database effectively and efficiently. Therefore, we wrote with these principles in mind:
FocusWeve tried to concentrate on the most important Oracle issues. Every topic provides a comprehensive but concise discussion of how Oracle handles an issue and the repercussions of that action.
BrevityOne of the first decisions we made was to concentrate on principles rather than syntax. There simply isnt room for myriad syntax diagrams and examples in this book.
UniquenessWeve tried to make this an ideal first Oracle book for a wide spectrum of Oracle usersbut not the last! You will very likely have to refer to Oracle documentation or other, more specific books for more details about using Oracle. However, we hope this book will act as an accelerator for you. Using the foundation you get from this book, you can take detailed information from other sources and put it to the best use.
This book is the result of more than 65 combined years of experience with Oracle and other databases. We hope youll benefit from that experience.
Audience for This Book
We wrote this book for people possessing all levels of Oracle expertise. Our target audiences include DBAs who spend most of their workday managing Oracle, application developers who build their systems on the data available in an Oracle Database, and system administrators who are concerned with how Oracle will affect their computing environments. Of course, IT managers and business users interact more peripherally with the actual Oracle Database, but can still gain from a better understanding of the product. On the one hand, anticipating the appropriate technical level of all our potential readers presented difficulties; on the other hand, weve tried to build a solid foundation from the ground up and believe that some introductory material benefits everyone. Weve also tried to ensure that every reader receives all the fundamental information necessary to truly understand the topics presented.
If youre an experienced Oracle user, you may be tempted to skip over material in this book with which you are already familiar. But experience has shown that some of the most basic Oracle principles can be overlooked, even by experts. Weve also seen how the same small gotchas trip up even the most experienced Oracle practitioners and cause immense damage if they go unnoticed. After all, an ounce of prevention, tempered by understanding, is worth a pound of cure, especially when you are trying to keep your systems running optimally. So we hope that even experienced Oracle users will find valuable information in every chapter of this bookinformation that will save hours in their busy professional lives.
Our guiding principle has been to present this information compactly without making it overly tutorial. We think that the most important ratio in a book like this is the amount of useful information you get balanced against the time it takes you to get it. We sincerely hope this volume provides a terrific bang for the buck.
About the Fifth Edition (Oracle Database 12 c )
The first four editions of this book, covering the Oracle Database up to the Oracle Database 11 g version, have been well received, and we were pleased that OReilly Media agreed to publish this fifth edition. In this update to the book, we have added information describing the latest release of Oracle, Oracle Database 12