SCHAUMS OUTLINE OF Theory and Problems of STATISTICS AND ECONOMETRICS
SECOND EDITION
DOMINICK SALVATORE, Ph.D.
Professor and Chairperson, Department of Economics, Fordham University
DERRICK REAGLE, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Economics, Fordham University
DOMINICK SALVATORE is Professor and Chairperson of the Department of Economics at Fordham University in New York City. He is the author of the textbook International Economics, 7th ed. (2001) and Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, 4th ed. (2001). He also authored the Schaums Outline Series in International Economics, 4th ed. (1996) and Microeconomic Theory, 3d ed. (1992) and coauthored, with Prof. Diulio, the Schaums Outline in Principles of Economics, 2d ed. (1996). His research has been published in numerous leading scholarly journals and presented at many national and international conferences.
DERRICK REAGLE is an Assistant Professor of Economics at Fordham University and a faculty member of Fordhams Graduate Program in International Political Economy and Development. He received his Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 1998. Since then, he has contributed significant scholarly research in the areas of statistical hypothesis testing, financial markets, and country risk analysis. Dr. Reagle has presented statistical and applied work at numerous conferences, published in academic journals, and advised the media on economic trends. Dr. Reagle has extensive experience teaching statistics, econometrics, and finance on both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Derrick Reagle currently resides in New York with is wife, Elizabeth, and two sons, Maxwell and Jackson.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
This book presents a clear and concise introduction to statistics and econometrics. A course in statistics or econometrics is often one of the most useful but also one of the most difficult of the required courses in colleges and universities. The purpose of this book is to help overcome this difficulty by using a problem-solving approach.
Each chapter begins with a statement of theory, principles, or background information, fully illustrated with examples. This is followed by numerous theoretical and practical problems with detailed, step-by-step solutions. While primarily intended as a supplement to all current standard textbooks of statistics and/or econometrics, the book can also be used as an independent text, as well as to supplement class lectures.
The book is aimed at college students in economics, business administration, and the social sciences taking a one-semester or a one-year course in statistics and/or econometrics. It also provides a very useful source of reference for M.A. and M.B.A. students and for all those who use (or would like to use) statistics and econometrics in their work. No prior statistical background is assumed.
The book is completely self-contained in that it covers the statistics (), a field of econometrics which has expanded as of late. A sample statistics and econometrics examination is also included.
The methodology of this book and much of its content has been tested in undergraduate and graduate classes in statistics and econometrics at Fordham University. Students found the approach and content of the book extremely useful and made many valuable suggestions for improvement. We have also received very useful advice from Professors Mary Beth Combs, Edward Dowling, and Damodar Gujarati. The following students carefully read through the entire manuscript and made many useful comments: Luca Bonardi, Kevin Coughlin, Sean Hennessy, and James Santangelo. To all of them we are deeply grateful. We owe a great intellectual debt to our former professors of statistics and econometrics: J. S. Butler, Jack Johnston, Lawrence Klein, and Bernard Okun.
We are indebted to the Literary Executor of the late Sir Ronald A. Fisher, F. R. S., to Dr. Frank Yates, F. R. S., and the Longman Group Ltd., London, for permission to adapt and reprint Tables III and IV from their book, Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research.
In addition to Statistics and Econometrics, the Schaums Outline Series in Economics includes Microeconomic Theory, Macroeconomic Theory, International Economics, Mathematics for Economists