Molecular & Cell Biology For Dummies
Ren Fester Kratz, PhD
Molecular & Cell Biology For Dummies
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
111 River St.
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier!, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.
For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.
For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926359
ISBN: 978-0-470-43066-8
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Author
Ren Fester Kratz, PhD, grew up near the ocean in Rhode Island. From a young age, she wanted to be a teacher (because she loved her teachers at school) and a biologist (because her dad was one). She graduated from Warwick Veterans Memorial High School and then went on to major in biology at Boston University. As a freshman and sophomore at BU, Ren got excited by subjects other than biology and even considered changing her major. Then, she met and studied under Lynn Margulis, who reignited Rens love of biology and introduced her to the world of microbes. Ren graduated with a bachelors degree in Biology from BU and then went on to get a masters and a doctorate degree in botany from the University of Washington. At UW, Ren studied reproductive onset in Acetabularia acetabulum, a marine green alga that grows as single cells big enough to pick up with your fingers.
Ren currently teaches biology and general science classes at Everett Community College in Everett, Washington. Ren spends most of her time introducing students to the wonders of cells and microbes as she teaches cellular biology and microbiology. Ren also has a strong interest in science education and science literacy for everyone. As a member of the North Cascades and Olympic Science Partnership, she helped create inquiry-based science courses for future teachers that are based on research on human learning. Ren loves teaching these courses because they make science accessible for all kinds of people. In the summer, Ren enjoys working with K12 teachers on the improvement of science education in the public schools. Ren also enjoys writing about science and is the author of Microbiology The Easy Way for Barrons Educational Press.
Ren loves living in the Pacific Northwest because she is near the ocean and her daffodils start blooming in February (when her family back East is still shoveling snow). She doesnt mind the rain and thinks the San Juan Islands are one of the most beautiful places on Earth. Her husband, two sons, and two very bad dogs help her remember what is truly important and her sisters help keep her sane. Ren loves to scrapbook, quilt, stitch, and read.
Dedication
To my husband, Dan, and my sons, Hueston and Dashiel. You are the center of my world.
To my mom, Annette. It may be corny, but you are the wind beneath my wings.
To my dad, James. I wanted to be a biologist because of you.
To Lynn: Thank you for inspiring a lifelong love of learning and microbes.
Authors Acknowledgments
Thanks to Matt Wagner of Fresh Books, Inc., for helping me find the opportunity to write this book. And thanks to all the great people at Wiley who made it happen: my editor, Kelly Ewing, who was always helpful and upbeat; the acquisitions editor, Stacy Kennedy, who helped get me started on the project; Alicia South, who coordinated the art; and Barry Ludvik, my technical reviewer. Thanks also to Patrick Redmond, the project coordinator, and those who worked on the art: Kitty Auble, Kathryn Born, Ana Carillo, Rhonda David-Burroughs, Brooke Graczyk, Gary Hunt, Ashley Layfield, Shelley Lea, Beth Morgan, Andew Recher, Heidi Richter, Simon Shak, Melissa K. Smith, Alicia South, Ron Terry, Janet Wahlfeldt, and Tobin Wilkerson.
On the home front, thanks to my husband, Dan, for all his love and support. To Hueston and Dashiel for once again being patient when Mommy was glued to her computer. To my sister, Alyson, and my friend, Julie, for reading chapters and sharing their nonscientist perspectives. To Staci, for helping me walk off some stress. And a big thanks always to my mother, Annette, for just being so supportive of everything I do.