Philips - Beginners Guide to Arduino: The Perfect Step by Step Manual or Handbook with Practical examples!

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Beginners Guide to Arduino

The Perfect Step by Step Manual or Handbook with Practical examples!

By

Ben C. Philips

Table of Contents

Introduction To Arduino

A rduino is an open source prototyping platform built on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - a light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activate the motor, turn on an LED, and post something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the onboard microcontroller. To do this, it uses the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino software (IDE), based on the processing.

The Arduino board itself is a blue circuit board, the size of a credit card (but also has other sized models). It contains two rows of connectors ("headers"), a power connector, and a USB connector. The mind board is an Atmel microcontroller. It's like a very small, very low power "computer". (It has only 32 KB of storage, 2 KB RAM, and the 8-bit processor only runs at 16MHz.) However, for most applications, this is more than enough. Processor pins attach to headers, and you can connect to almost anything you can imagine. You just need to write some lines of code to control it. The input / output (input / output) pins can be used as input pins, for connecting buttons or knobs, temperature sensors, light sensors, or even keyboards and mice, digital musical instruments ... or they can be used as output pins, for connecting lamps, motors Disks, control the lights in your home, connect to small screens or even connect to the internet, so you can check your mail, post tweets ... through a USB connection, you can also use it to control your computer, or use your computer to control In Arduino.

Types Of Arduino Boards

Many different types of Arduinos are available, as shown in the table below, and each has its own set of features. They differ with regard to processing speed, memory, I / O and connection, but their basic functions are the same.

• Arduino Uno
• Arduino Leonardo
• Arduino Due
• Arduino Yn
• Arduino Tre
• Arduino Micro
• Arduino Robot
• Arduino Esplora
• Arduino Mega
• Arduino Mini
• LilyPad Arduino
• Arduino Nano
• Arduino Fio
• Arduino Pro
• Arduino Ethernet

Software (IDE)

The software used for programming Arduino is called the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). IDE is a Java application that works on many different platforms, including PCs, Macs, and Linux systems. It was developed for beginners who are not familiar with programming. Includes a code editor, compiler, and uploader. Symbol libraries for use of peripheral devices, such as serial ports and various types of displays, are also included. Arduino programs are called "sketches" and are written in a language very similar to C or C ++.

USB cable

Most Arduinos connect to a host computer via a USB cable. This connection enables you to upload graphics to your Arduino as well as provide power to the board.

Programming

Programming Arduino is easy: you can use the IDE code editor to write the program and then compile and load it with one click. The Arduino software includes two main functions:

• Setup ()
• Loop ()

You can use the setup function () to configure the panel settings. This function works only once when the board is powered on. The loop () function is executed after setup () has completed, and unlike the setup () function, it runs continuously.

Programming functions

Here are some of the most used functions in Arduino programming:

• pinMode - Sets the pin mode to either INPUT or OUTPUT.
• analogRead- The analog voltage is read from the analog input terminal.
• analogWrite - Writes an analog voltage to an analog output terminal.
• digitalRead - reads the value of the digital input pin.
• digitalWrite - sets the value of the digital output terminal to either HIGH or LOW.
• Serial.print - prints the data to the serial port as human-readable ASCII text.

Arduino libraries

Arduino libraries are sets of functions that allow you to control devices. Here are some of the most used libraries:

• GPS library
• LCD library
• Servo library
• SD library
• Robot_control library
• Robot_motor library
• Ethernet library
• Wi-Fi library
• Stepper library
• SPI library
• EEPROM library
• Software Serial library
• GSM library

Arduino setup steps

• First, install the IDE. You can download the IDE from the Arduino website.
• Install the program on your computer.
• Now run the arduino IDE.exe file. It has the following layout:
• Write your program using the code editor and upload it to the Arduino. To do this, you need to connect the Arduino to your computer using a USB cable.
• In the IDE, select the type of Arduino you are using from Tools -> Boards menu.
• Now verify your code by clicking on the "hash" icon at the top of the IDE window, then click the "right" arrow next to compile the code and upload it to the Arduino.

Note: You may have to install drivers if your system does not detect the Arduino.

Arduino shields

Arduino shields are a board that is attached to the Arduino to allow you to connect peripherals, sensors, and actuators to the Arduino. Here are some popular shields:

• GSM Shield
• Ethernet Shield
• WiFi Shield
• Motor Shield
• Proto Shield
• Joystick Shield
• Bluetooth Shield
• Xbee shield

Components and accessories

Here is a list of all the components and accessories commonly used with Arduino for project development:

• Breadboard
• USB cable
• 9V Battery
• LEDs
• Push Buttons
• Capacitors
• Voltage Regulators
• Sensors (IR, temperature etc)
• Jumper wires
• Resistors
• Potentiometer
• Motors (DC, Servo, BLDC)
• LCD
• Hex keypad
• Arduino shields

Arduino Data Types

Arduino data types. They play an important role when it comes to programming Arduino. An Arduino that is a computer is not very familiar with data (it does not know or care about the way the data it receives has been sent to it.)

Without data types, you cannot specify the number of bytes of memory allocated to this variable, and the type of data that can be stored in the variable which makes the variable's data type important.

A data type can be defined as a classification that describes the value a variable carries and the operations we can perform on it. Unlike variables, functions also have data types depending on the values they return.

Computers, including Arduino, tend to be very data neutral. The core of the device is an arithmetic logical unit (ALU), which performs (to some extent) simple operations on locations in memory: R1 + R2, R3 * R7, R4, R5, etc. This represents data to the user, whether it is text, integer values, floating values, or even part of program code.

All the context for these operations comes from the compiler, and the context directives reach the compiler from the user. You, the programmer, are telling the compiler that this value is an integer and that this value is a floating point number. So the translator is left trying to figure out what I mean when I say "add this integer to that floating point." Sometimes this is easy, but sometimes it is not. And sometimes it sounds easy, but it turns out it gives results you might not expect.

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