Anthony L. Petraglia - Handbook of Neurological Sports Medicine

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Petraglia, Anthony L., 1980- author.

Handbook of neurological sports medicine : concussion and other nervous system Injuries in the athlete / Anthony L. Petraglia, Julian E. Bailes, Arthur L. Day.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4504-4181-0

I. Bailes, Julian E., author. II. Day, Arthur L., author. III. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Athletic Injuries. 2. Brain Injuries. 3. Trauma, Nervous System. QT 261]

RD97.P4816 2015

617.1'027--dc23

2014009602

ISBN: 978-1-4504-4181-0 (print)

Copyright 2015 by Anthony L. Petraglia, Julian E. Bailes, and Arthur L. Day

All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the publisher.

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E5835

In collaboration with

Robert P. Fitzsimmons, Esq.

Clayton J. Fitzsimmons, Esq.

In collaboration with

Corey T. Walker, MD

In collaboration with

Elizabeth M. Pieroth, PsyD, ABPP

In collaboration with

Bennet I. Omalu, MD, MBA, MPH

Jennifer Hammers, DO

In collaboration with

Ethan A. Winkler, MD, PhD

In collaboration with

Saint-Aaron L. Morris, MD

Wesley H. Jones, MD

In collaboration with

Wesley H. Jones, MD

Saint Aaron-Morris, MD

In collaboration with

Fabio V. C. Sparapani, MD, PhD

Robert J. Spinner, MD

Sports medicine is an exciting specialty concerned with the care of injury and illness in athletes, and it is a specialty that crosses various medical disciplines. Sport-related neurological injuries are among the most complex and dreaded injuries that an athlete can sustain. Without a doubt, recent years have been filled with major cultural and scientific shifts in the way athletes, coaches, parents, and physicians view sport-related neurological injuries, particularly concussion. The enormous public health impact is in part due to the large scope of athletes susceptible to such injuries, from the world-class athlete to the weekend warrior and those participating in youth sports.

There is clearly an increased need for further neurological expertise and training for those practitioners caring for athletes with sport-related neurological injuries. As neurosurgeons, we are typically involved with the treatment of the most serious and catastrophic of athletic injuries. Traditionally, though, we have been trained clinically to deal with the entire spectrum of trauma and illness in both the central and peripheral nervous system. We have now come to realize that injuries once considered mild or minor can have serious acute and long-term effects requiring proper attention. Skyrocketing levels of public awareness have allowed our society to gain a better understanding of these neurological injuries; but we, as a medical community, still have a long way to go. There is still a great need for continued prevention programs and improved systematic and evidence-based approaches to the athlete with neurological injuries.

An explosion in research initiatives has led to significant advances in the field of neurological sports medicine; there is a greater understanding of the causation, diagnosis, and treatment of sports-related neurological injuries than ever before. We have come to appreciate the wide spectrum of spinal injuries in the athlete and their implications for return-to-play decisions. Sophisticated nonoperative and operative techniques are being refined and used in the management of athletic spinal injuries. Often overshadowed by other types of injuries, peripheral nerve injuries affect athletes of all ages and can be equally devastating. A better understanding of these injuries has led to more accurate diagnoses and timely, appropriate interventions.