Children Forsaken
Child Abuse from Ancient to Modern Times
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Children Forsaken
Child Abuse from Ancient to Modern Times
Steven Walker
First published in 2021 by Critical Publishing Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Copyright 2021 Steven Walker
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 9781913453817
This book is also available in the following e-book formats:
EPUB ISBN: 9781913453831
Adobe e-book 9781913453848
The rights of Steven Walker to be identified as the Author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988.
Cover design by Out of House
Text design by Out of House
Project Management by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Dublin, Ireland
Printed and bound in Great Britain by 4edge, Essex
Critical Publishing
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Disclaimer
This book contains numerous references to other works and authors who have published their research and ideas about the history of child abuse. The author is grateful to them all. He has examined considerable amounts of data and findings in books, official reports, academic research, public inquiries, grey literature and online sources. They have all to the best of his knowledge been cited or referenced but please let us know if there are any omissions or errors and we will make the appropriate corrections as soon as possible.
To my parents, Mary and James Walker, and all their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren
Praise for this book:
The various historical constructions of childhood, child abuse and children's rights present us with evidence of the terrible ubiquity of child mistreatment, its changing forms and the necessity of child safeguarding and protection. This ambitious book paints an important and erudite picture of child abuse and social responses to it, bringing us up-to-date with a call for continued vigilance, compassion, and action.
Professor Dr Jonathan Parker PhD, FAcSS, FHEA, FRSA
Professor of Society & Social Welfare
Bournemouth University, UK
Steven has done a vast amount of research covering a massive range of topics and international perspectives. I admire him for embarking on this massive adventure. He has brought into focus child abuse previously raised in disparate ways not brought together before in one place.
Dr Liz Davies
Emeritus Professor of Social Work
London Metropolitan University
Steven Walkers book is an erudite and articulate antidote to the dominant Anglo-American narrative that child abuse was discovered in the 1960s. It presents an analysis with a global sweep, starting in Jericho in 7,000BC and finishing with the latest debates about the relationship between child abuse and poverty. Challenging popular notions that child abuse is perpetrated by evil or irrational individuals, it examines how child abuse has been woven into the fabric of our societies. A fascinating and thought-provoking read for anyone who wants to understand our current responses to child abuse.
Dr Andrew Whittaker, Associate Professor in Social Work and Head of the Serious Violence Research Group, London South Bank University.
Contents
Steven is an alumnus of the London School of Economics and Political Science (MSc) he has written 15 books and contributed chapters to several others. He has presented his research at 12 international conferences and has a total of 35 years experience in child protection and CAMHS. He is campaigning to save his local library from closure and is raising money for his local foodbank.
There can be no keener revelation of a societys soul than the way in which it treats its children.
Nelson Mandela
Recent media revelations about historic child sexual abuse by men in powerful positions of authority and responsibility such as sports coaches and priests, plus stories of cruel physical abuse and cover-ups by powerful institutions, have created a modern narrative that has shocked many people. Yet these stories only go back in time 50 or 60 years with brave survivors finding their voices as older women and men. However, there is ample evidence dating back to the earliest times of human history that clearly shows child abuse is not a new phenomenon. It has existed since the beginning of recorded history.
Our current concept about what constitutes child abuse is a result of redefining, relabelling and the way modern society reflects on previous generations of education, social care and child-rearing practices. Alongside attempts at consciousness-raising there have been major legal changes to the safeguarding and protection of children from harm often prompted by childrens charities and campaigners to try to enshrine childrens rights into every aspect of social and economic policies. But these only began in earnest towards the turn of the twentieth century.
In 1895 the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children summarised its findings about the way children were mistreated:
by battering, with shovels, pots, straps, ropes, boots, pokers, boiling water and fire. It described neglected children as miserable, vermin-infested, filthy, cold, ragged, pale, malnourished and feeble. Children were put out to beg, abducted by drunkards and vagrants, little girls were sexually abused, some with abnormalities or disfigurements were sold to circuses to be exhibited as freaks of nature.
Further back in time there is ample evidence of similar cruelty against children. According to , the further back in history one goes the more massive the neglect and cruelty one finds and the more likely children are to have been killed, rejected, beaten, terrorised and sexually abused by their caretakers. The history of humanity is founded upon the abuse of children. Most historical families once practised infanticide, erotic beating and incest. Most states have sacrificed and mutilated their children in rituals designed to appease ancient deities to end droughts and help guarantee good harvests. Even today, humans continue to arrange the daily killing, maiming, molestation and starvation of children through our social, military and economic activities in postcolonial wars or proxy conflicts between superpowers.