The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays of the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events.
Brief AZ entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields.
Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Politics
and Political Eras
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
From the Great War to the Great Depression, by Neil A. Wynn, 2003.
Revolutionary America, by Terry M. Mays, 2005.
Early American Republic, by Richard Buel Jr., 2006.
Jacksonian Era and Manifest Destiny, by Terry Corps, 2006.
ReaganBush Era, by Richard S. Conley, 2007.
KennedyJohnson Era, by Richard Dean Burns and Joseph M. Siracusa, 2008.
NixonFord Era, by Mitchell K. Hall, 2008.
RooseveltTruman Era, by Neil A. Wynn, 2008.
Eisenhower Era, by Burton I. Kaufman and Diane Kaufman, 2009.
Progressive Era, by Catherine Cocks, Peter C. Holloran, and Alan Lessoff, 2009.
Gilded Age, by T. Adams Upchurch, 2009.
Political Parties, by Harold F. Bass Jr., 2010.
George W. Bush Era, by Richard S. Conley, 2010.
United States Congress, by Scot Schraufnagel, 2011.
Colonial America, by William Pencak, 2011.
Civil War and Reconstruction, Second Edition, by William L. Richter, 2012.
Clinton Era, by Richard S. Conley, 2012.
Old South, Second Edition, by William L. Richter, 2013.
Carter Era, by Diane Kaufman and Scott Kaufman, 2013.
From the Great War to the Great Depression, Second Edition, by Neil A. Wynn, 2014.
Barack Obama Administration, by Michael J. Pomante II and Scot Schraufnagel, 2014.
KennedyJohnson Era, Second Edition, by Richard Dean Burns and Joseph M. Siracusa, 2015.
U.S. Supreme Court, by Artemus Ward, Christopher Brough, and Robert Arnold, 2015.
American Frontier, by Jay H. Buckley and Brenden W. Rensink, 2015.
Historical Dictionary of
the American Frontier
Jay H. Buckley
Brenden W. Rensink
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD
Lanham Boulder New York London
Published by Rowman & Littlefield
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowman.com
Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB
Copyright 2015 by Jay H. Buckley and Brenden W. Rensink
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Buckley, Jay H.
Historical dictionary of the American frontier / Jay H. Buckley, Brenden W. Rensink.
pages cm. (Historical dictionaries of U.S. politics and political eras)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4422-4958-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4422-4959-2 (ebook)
1. West (U.S.)HistoryDictionaries. 2. West (U.S.)BiographyDictionaries. 3. West (U.S.)Social life and customsDictionaries. 4. Frontier and pioneer lifeWest (U.S.)Dictionaries. I. Rensink, Brenden W. II. Title.
F591.B897 2015
978.003dc23
2014047420
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America.
The Marqus de San Miguel de Aguayo was born Jos de Azlor y Virto de Vera, and with his marriage to Spanish heiress Ignacia Xaviera, he became a marquis with large holdings in New Spain. In 1712, he and his wife left Spain to live on their hacienda in Coahuila, Mexico. When France took Natchitoches in East Texas in 1719, Aguayo volunteered to reconquer it. It was a bloodless affair, and the French abandoned their new holding on the approach of Aguayos large force in 1721. His actions would secure Spains sovereignty over Texas; the French would never again be a threat in the region. The marquis established eight missions and four presidios, introduced the first large-scale cattle presence in the territory, and recommended that settlement begin between the San Antonio mission and East Texas, with 400 families coming from the Canary Islands, Havana, and Mexico.
James Aird, a prominent Scottish fur trader, spent nearly 40 years among the Dakota Sioux in what is now Iowa and Minnesota. Aird arrived in Mackinac as early as 1779, and he was one of the earliest and most respected British settlers of Prairie du Chien. By the early 1790s, he and others were extending the British fur trade south into Spanish territory, west of the Minnesota, Des Moines, and Big Sioux river headwaters. Aird encountered the Corps of Discovery on his return journey down the Missouri River and met Zebulon Pike on his expedition, all of whom left favorable reports of Airds character. Airds two brothers, Robert and George, were also prominent and well-respected traders. Together with Robert Dickson and others, Aird helped found a short-lived fur company in 1805 that attempted to stave off the growing American presence along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. In 1807, it was absorbed by the Michilimackinac Company and later forced by international treaty to sell to John Jacob Astors American Fur Company in 1810. Airds activities furthered Great Britains expansion in the region and deepened Sioux involvement in the British fur trade, all developments that expeditions like the Corps of Discovery and Zebulon Pike were designed to counter.
ALAMINOS, ANTONIO DE (fl. 1510s)