ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book would not have been possible without the invaluable assistance of many supportive people. We would like to thank as many of them here as possible: Edgar Romney and Sherry Kane, Workers United; Daphne Pinkerson, Marc Levin, Michael Hirsch, and Justin Sirizzotti, Blowback Productions; Sheila Nevins, HBO Documentary Films; Barbara L. Morley, Kheel Center, Cornell University; Jane Ashdown, Adelphi University; Ruth Sergel and the members of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition; Metropolitan Klezmer; Michael Nash, Tamiment Library; Damon Compagna, NYC Fire Museum ; Robert Domingo, FDNY; Hanna Griff, Eldridge Street Synagogue Museum; The Frances Perkins Center; Michael Sosin; Philip Maier; Diane Fortuna; Suzanne Pred Bass; Susan Blanc Harris; Lulu Lolo; the Steinberg family; and Erin Vosgien, Arcadia Publishing. We are indebted to the late Leon Stein, David Von Drehle, Richard Greenwald, Annelise Orleck, Ellen Wiley Todd, Jo Ann Argersinger, and the Kheel Center for their thorough research, through which we found many primary sources, including personal interviews and newspaper accounts. Special thanks to Michael Hirsch for his careful reading of the manuscript.
Unless otherwise noted, all images appear courtesy of Workers United, the successor union to the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) and Union of Needletrades, Industrial, and Textile Employees (UNITE), whose archives are located at the Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives at Cornell University. Other sources of images include the Library of Congress (LC), Brown Brothers (BB), the Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College (RC), the Yeshiva University Museum (YU), Columbia University Library (CL), the New York City Fire Department Museum (FDNY), the New York Public Library (NYPL), other libraries as noted, and the families of Triangle victims. We thank all for their collaboration in this worthy project.
VICTIMS OF THE NEW YORK CITY TRIANGLE FACTORY FIRE
Listed below are the given name, surname, age, and country of origin of each victim of the Triangle factory fire. This list was provided by Michael Hirsch.
Lizzie Adler, 24, Romania
Anna Altman, 16, Russia
Annina Ardito, 25, Italy
Rose Bassino, 31, Italy
Vincenza Benanti, 22, Italy
Yetta Berger, 18, Austria
Essie Bernstein, 19, Russia
Jacob Bernstein, 38, Russia
Morris Bernstein, 19, Russia
Gussie Bierman, 22, Russia
Vincenza Billota, 16, Italy
Abraham Binowitz, 30, Russia
Rosie Brenman, 23, Russia
Sarah Brenman, 17, Russia
Ida Brodsky, 15, Russia
Sarah Brodsky, 21, Russia
Ada Brooks, 18, United States
Laura Brunetti, 17, Italy
Josephine Cammarata, 17, Italy
Francesca Caputo, 17, Italy
Josephine Carlisi, 31, Italy
Albina Caruso, 20, United States
Annie Ciminello, 36, Italy
Rosina Cirrito, 18, Italy
Anna Cohen, 25, Russia
Annie Colletti, 30, Italy
Sarah Cooper, 16, Russia
Michelina Cordiano, 25, Italy
Bessie Dashefsky, 25, Russia
Josie Del Castillo, 21, Italy
Clara Dockman, 19, Russia
Kalman Donick, 24, Russia
Celia Eisenberg, 17, Russia
Dora Evans, 18, Russia
Rebecca Feibisch, 20, Romania
Yetta Fichtenholtz, 18, Russia
Daisy Lopez Fitze, 26, Jamaica
Mary Floresta, 26, Italy
Max Florin, 23, Russia
Jennie Franco, 16, United States
Rose Friedman, 18, Russia
Diana Gerjuoy, 18, Russia
Molly Gerstein, 17, Russia
Catherine Giannattasio, 22, Italy
Celia Gitlin, 17, Russia
Esther Goldstein, 20, Russia
Lena Goldstein, 22, Russia
Mary Goldstein, 18, Russia
Yetta Goldstein, 20, Russia
Rosie Grasso, 16 Italy
Bertha Greb, 25, United States
Rachel Grossman , 18, Romania
Mary Herman, 40, Austria
Esther Hochfeld, 21, Russia
Fannie Hollander, 18, Austria
Pauline Horowitz, 19, Russia
Ida Jukofsky, 19, Russia
Ida Kanowitz, 18, Russia
Tessie Kaplan, 18, Russia
Beckie Kessler, 19, Russia
Jacob Klein, 23, Russia
Beckie Koppelman, 16, Russia
Bertha Kula, 19, Austria
Tillie Kupferschmidt, 16, Austria
Benjamin Kurtz, 19, Russia
Annie LAbbate, 16, Italy
Fannie Lansner, 21, Russia
Maria Giuseppa Lauletti, 33, Italy
Jennie Lederman, 21, Russia
Max Lehrer, 18, Austria
Sam Lehrer, 19, Austria
Kate Leone, 14, United States
Mary Leventhal, 22, United States
Jennie Levin, 19, Russia
Pauline Levine, 19, Russia
Nettie Liebowitz, 23, Romania
Rose Liermark, 19, Russia
Bettina Maiale, 18, Italy
Frances Maiale, 21, Italy
Catherine Maltese, 39, Italy
Lucia Maltese, 20, Italy
Rosaria Maltese, 14, Italy
Maria Manara, 27, Italy
Rose Mankofsky, 22, Russia
Rose Mehl, 15, United States
Yetta Meyers, 19, Russia
Gaetana Midolo, 16, Italy
Annie Miller, 16, Austria
Beckie Neubauer, 19, Austria
Annie Nicholas, 18, Russia
Michelina Nicolosci, 21, Italy
Sadie Nussbaum, 18, United States
Julia Oberstein, 19, United States
Rose Oringer, 19, Austria
Beckie Ostrovsky, 20, Russia
Annie Pack, 18, Austria
Provindenza Panno, 43, Italy
Antonietta Pasqualicchio, 16, Italy
Ida Pearl, 20, Russia
Jennie Pildescu, 18, Romania
Vincenza Pinelli, 30, Italy
Emilia Prato, 21, United States
Concetta Prestifilippo, 22, Italy
Beckie Reines, 18, Russia
Fannie Rosen, 21, Russia
Israel Rosen, 17, Russia
Julia Rosen, 35, Russia
Louis Rosen, 33, Russia
Yetta Rosenbaum, 22, Russia
Jennie Rosenberg, 21, Russia
Gussie Rosenfeld, 22, Russia
Nettie Rosenthal,21, Russia
Emma Rothstein, 22, Russia
Theodore Rotner, 22, Russia
Sarah Sabasowitz, 17, Russia
Santina Salemi, 24, Italy
Sarafina Saracino, 25, Italy
Teresina Saracino, 20, Italy
Gussie Schiffman, 18, Russia
Theresa Schmidt, 32, Austria
Ethel Schneider, 20, Russia
Violet Schochet, 21, Austria
Golda Schpunt, 19, Russia
Margaret Schwartz, 24, Hungary
Jacob Seltzer, 33, Russia
Rosie Shapiro, 17, Russia
Ben Sklover, 25, Russia
Rose Sorkin, 18, Russia
Annie Starr, 30, Russia
Jennie Stein, 18, Russia
Jennie Stellino, 16, Italy
Jennie Stiglitz, 22, Austria
Sam Taback, 20, Russia
Clotilde Terranova, 22, Italy
Isabella Tortorelli, 17, Italy
Meyer Uttal, 23, Russia
Catherine Uzzo, 22, Italy
Frieda Velakofsky, 20, Russia
Bessie Viviano, 15, Italy
Rosie Weiner, 20, Russia
Sarah Weintraub, 17, Austria
Tessie Weisner, 21, Austria
Dora Welfowitz, 21, Russia
Bertha Wendroff, 18, Russia
Joseph Wilson, 22, Russia
Sonia Wisotsky, 17, Russia
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