Heather Price-Wright - Industrializing the United States

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Reader's Guide

1. How did Henry Fords assembly line lower the

cost of his cars?

2. How did labor unions change what it meant to be

a worker in the United States?

3. What major industry do you think had the

largest impact on peoples lives at the turn of the

century? Why?

4. Explain what life was like for children during

thistime.

5. How did new technology impact work in the

Second Industrial Revolution? How does

technology impact work today?

6. Write a movie script about an immigrants

experiences moving to the United States to fi nd

work during the Second Industrial Revolution.

Heather Price-Wright

Consultant

Jennifer M. Lopez, NBCT, M.S.Ed.

Teacher SpecialistHistory/Social Studies

Office of Curriculum & Instruction

Norfolk Public Schools

Publishing Credits

Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed. , Publisher

Conni Medina, M.A.Ed. , Editor in Chief

Emily R. Smith, M.A.Ed. , Content Director

Vronique Bos, Creative Director

Robin Erickson, Art Director

Michelle Jovin, M.A., Associate Editor

Lee Aucoin, Senior Graphic Designer

Image Credits: front cover (left), p.1 Library of Congress [LC-DIG-nclc-01059]; front

cover (background), p.1, pp.2021 LOC [LC-USZC4-1584]; back cover Julie Clopper/

Shutterstock; pp.23 LOC [LC-DIG-ppmsca-18098]; p.4 (bottom) LOC [LC-USZ62-37710];

pp.45 ilbusca/iStock; p.6 Brockhaus Kleines Konversations-Lexikon; p.7 (top) LOC

[LC-USZ62-20077]; p.7 (bottom) Underwood Archives/UIG/Bridgeman Images; pp.89

Everett Collection Historical/Alamy; p.9 (top) H. Michael Miley; p.11 Bibliotheque

Nationale, Paris, France/Archives Charmet/Bridgeman Images; pp.1213 LOC [LC-DIG-

nclc-01824]; p.14 Bettmann/Getty Images; p.15 (top) Everett Historical/Shutterstock;

p.15 (bottom) LOC, Rare Book and Special Collections Division [rbpe.33700300]; p.16

(bottom) LOC [LC-DIG-hec-08029]; pp.1617 LOC [LC-DIG-nclc-01581]; p.17 (bottom) LOC

[LC-DIG-ppmsca-06591]; p.18 LOC [LC-USZ62-111391]; p.19 (top) LOC [LC-USZ62-34985];

p.19 (bottom) International Ladies Garment Workers Union Archives, Kheel Center,

Cornell University; p.22 Granger; p.23 LOC [LC-USZC4-2654]; p.24 (left) courtesy Lejeune

Collection; p.24 (right) Jay Paull/Getty Images; p.25 (bottom) LOC [LC-USZC4-3108]; p.26

LOC [LC-DIG-stereo-1s15405]; p.27 (all) J. T. Vintage/Bridgeman Images; p.29 (top) LOC

[LC-DIG-ds-07713]; p.31 LOC [LC-USZ62-19261]; p.32 LOC [LC-DIG-stereo-1s14384]; all

other images from iStock and/or Shutterstock.

All companies, websites, and products mentioned in this book are

registered trademarks of their respective owners or developers and

are used in this book strictly for editorial purposes. No commercial

claim to their use is made by the author or the publisher.

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

www.tcmpub.com

2020 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

ISBN 978-1-0876-5518-5

Table of Contents

As the Century Turns ...................................... 4

The Big Industries ............................................

Rights for Workers .........................................

Making Moves .................................................

Policies and Politics ........................................

A Time of Change ...............................................

Organize It! .....................................................

Glossary ...........................................................

Index ................................................................

Your Turn! .......................................................

As the Century Turns

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were a

time of great change in the United States. New technology

changed how Americans worked. Machines and tools made it

possible for people to work faster. Jobs moved out of peoples

homes and into large factories. This shift helped people in

many ways. Goods were cheaper. Crops could be harvested

at a faster rate, which meant more food for more people. New

industries created jobs for people.

However, these changes had some negative consequences.

Skills that helped people before were less useful. Instead of

working with their hands, people were expected to learn how

to operate machines. Working conditions were often bad.

People worked long hours in small, hot spaces. Some children

were expected to work dangerous jobs to help their families.

This period of change and growth reshaped the nation.

People moved into cities to find jobs. The country as a whole

was changing, and everyone was changing with it.

A farmer uses a steampowered

tractor to plow his field in 1907.

City Living

After the Civil War ended in 1865,

more and more people moved to

cities to find work. The population

of cities grew quickly. From 1870

to 1920, Pittsburghs population

grew from around 86,000 people to

around 590,000 people! Chicago

grew even faster as its population

swelled to nine times its size during

this period!

A Revolution

The First Industrial Revolution

happened at the beginning of

the nineteenth century. It took

place mainly in Great Britain.

British workers had new

technologies and new skills.

Over the years, these new

skills and machines spread to

other countries. They later

reached Asia and the United

States. This was the start

of the Second Industrial

Revolution.

New York City,

around 1900

The Big Industries

Before Ford

In 1769, a French engineer

named NicolasJoseph

Cugnot was looking

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