Asian Development Bank - The Rural Connectivity Investment Program: Connecting People, Transforming Lives—India Gender Equality Results Case Study

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INDIA GENDER EQUALITY RESULTS CASE STUDY

RURAL CONNECTIVITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM

Connecting People, Transforming Lives

MARCH 2019

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

2019 Asian Development Bank

6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines

Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444

www.adb.org

Some rights reserved. Published in 2019.

ISBN 978-92-9261-538-3 (print), 978-92-9261-539-0 (electronic)

Publication Stock No. TCS190052-2

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS190052-2

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

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This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.

This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.

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Note: In this publication, $ refers to United States dollars.

About the cover: Wings to Fly. Rural roads enabling girls access to education by promoting independent mobility (photo by ADB).

Tables and Boxes

Tables

	Basic Project Information
	Gender Equality Design Features
	Quantitative Achievements

Boxes

	Impact on Poverty and Economic OpportunitiesState Profiles
	Improved Health OutcomesState Profiles
	Improved Access to Quality EducationState Profiles
	Improved Access to Development ProgramsState Profiles
	Improved Access to Basic SanitationState Profiles
	The Road to Womens EmpowermentState Profiles

Abbreviations

ADB	Asian Development Bank
FGD	focus group discussion
FHH	female-headed household
GAP	gender action plan
GRC	grievance redressal committee
IDI	in-depth interview
MORD	Ministry of Rural Development
NRIDA	National Rural Infrastructure Development Agency
PIC	project implementation consultant
PIU	project implementation unit
PMGSY	Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
PRI	Panchayati Raj Institution
RCIP	Rural Connectivity Investment Program
RCTRC	rural connectivity training and research center
VGRC	village grievance redressal committee

Summary

Development Aims and Impacts

According to the facility administration manual of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), reduced poverty and deprivation and inclusive economic growth are the long-term intended impacts of the Rural Connectivity Investment Program (RCIP), while improved and sustainable connectivity of rural communities are its short-term impacts. Specific outputs working toward achieving the outcome include (i) constructing or upgrading selected priority rural roads to all-weather standard; (ii) refining quality of design of investment program roads; (iii) improving and making sustainable the maintenance of investment program roads; (iv) incorporating road safety measures into the life cycle of investment program roads; (v) boosting and maintaining the qualifications and skills of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) team (engineers, technicians, site supervisors), concerned staff of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), design consultants, and contractors in RCIP states; and (vi) providing effective project management.

The project interventions have resulted in improved rural road network and institutional capacities. Improved connectivity has impacted peoples quality of life in the five RCIP states and contributed toward a range of socioeconomic benefits for the rural communities served and the advancement of development goals intrinsic to sustainable and inclusive growth. It has also resulted in higher agricultural production due to lower inputs and transportation costs, improved cropping patterns, and increased output prices. Improved road infrastructure has provided women with access to safe mobility and socioeconomic opportunities. It has enabled improved implementation of rural development programs. Womens representation in planning and decision-making has considerably enhanced their self-esteem and leadership capacities. The gender action plan (GAP) activities have boosted womens economic opportunities and their participation in planning and decision-making and have contributed to increased capacities and awareness related to project benefits and other development programs.

Process and Management Tools

A GAP was prepared during the design phase. It employs a multipronged approach and includes a range of activities-aligned indicators and quantifiable targets. The community participation activities took measures to ensure womens involvement and inclusion of their perspective through the design, construction, and maintenance phase. A GAP monitoring matrix was used to track progress and report achievements every quarter.

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