Asian Development Bank - Kiribati Social and Economic Report 2008: Managing Development Risk

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Pacific Studies Series

Kiribati Social and Economic Report 2008

Asian Development Bank

2009 Asian Development Bank

All rights reserved. Published 2009.

Printed in the Philippines.

ISBN 978-971-561-777-2

Publication Stock No. BBK221008

Cataloging-In-Publication Data

Asian Development Bank.

Kiribati social and economic report 2008: managing development risk

Mandaluyong City, Phil.: Asian Development Bank, 2008.

1. Development. 2. Risk management. 3. Kiribati. I. Asian Development Bank.

The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.

Use of the term country does not imply any judgment by the authors or ADB as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity.

ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.

6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City

1550 Metro Manila, Philippines

Tel +63 2 632 4444

Fax +63 2 636 2444

www.adb.org

For orders, please contact:

Department of External Relations

Fax +63 2 636 2648

adbpub@adb.org

Contents

Acronyms

Glossary of Kiribati Terms

Foreword

Executive Summary

I. Growing Risk in the Development Process and National Response

Overview of Kiribati

Leading Sources of Development Risk

Strategic Priorities and Policies for Managing Development Risk

II. Social Response to Development Risk

Population and Migration

National and Local Governance

Environment and Climate Change

Education and Training

Wages, Employment, and Emigration

Health and Welfare

III. Economic Response to Risk

Promoting and Financing the Private Sector

Marine Resources

Land, Subsistence, and Commercial Agriculture

General Economic Activity

Utilities, Transport, and Infrastructure

Developing the Line and Phoenix Islands

IV. Development Risk in the Public Sector

Need to Improve Public Enterprises

Performance of the Public Service

Strengthening Fiscal Management

Government Machinery for Managing Development Risk

Making Aid More Effective

References

Appendixes

1. Data Tables

2. Persons Consulted

Boxes

Box 1: The Political and Social Environment for Economic Reform

Box 2: Business and Industrial Estates or Parks

Box 3: A Case Study: Public Enterprises in the Telecommunications Sector

Box 4: Planning and Monitoring System

Box 5: Strengthening Governance of the Revenue Equalisation Reserve Fund

Tables

Table 1: Number of Students Enrolled in Kiribati Schools by Level, 20032006

Table 2: Gender Balance in Kiribati School Enrollment by Level, 2006

Table 3: Summary of AusAID and NZAID Scholarships Awarded to Kiribati Students, 20002007

Table 4: Estimated Number of Formal Employment Openings, Training Institution Opportunities, and Graduates Employed Annually in Kiribati, 2007

Table 5: Basic Health Indicators for Kiribati

Table 6: Indicators Related to Pregnancy and Birth in Kiribati

Table 7: Incidence of Selected Crimes in Kiribati, 20002006

Table 8: Number of Licenses Issued for Selected Business Categories in South Tarawa, 20062007

Table 9: Licensed Foreign Fishing Vessels in the Kiribati Exclusive Economic Zones: Annual Average, 20042006

Table 10: Average Annual Household Income in Kiribati by Island Group

Table 11: Public Enterprises in Kiribati

Table 12: Kiribati Central Government Operations, 20022007

Table 13: Kiribati Development Fund Budget by Donor, 20052007

Figures

Figure 1: Kiribati Nominal Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Income, and Net Factor Income, 19972006

Figure 2: Kiribati Nominal Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Income Per Capita, 19972006

Figure 3: Kiribati Balance of Payments Current Account, 19972006

Figure 4: Kiribati Population Distribution by Age and Sex, 2005

Figure 5: Government of Kiribati Structure for Overseeing Climate Change Adaptation Policy

Figure 6: Percentage of Budget Allocations and Students Attending Church and Government Senior Secondary Schools in Kiribati, 2006

Figure 7: Proportion of Qualified Teachers in Kiribati Schools by Level, 20032006

Figure 8: Proportion of Certified Teachers in Kiribati Schools by Level, 20032006

Figure 9: Persons Reporting Paid Employment in Kiribati by Census, 19852005

Figure 10: Educational Levels of the Kiribati Workforce, 2005

Figure 11: Changes in Access to Safe Water and Sanitation, and Infant Mortality in Kiribati

Figure 12: Suicides Reported in Kiribati, 20002006

Figure 13: Reported Cases of Underage Drinking and Drunkenness in Kiribati

Figure 14: Annual Household Expenditure by Expenditure Group in Kiribati

Figure 15: Number of Norwegian Cruise Line Passengers Visiting Tabuaeran Annually, 20022005

Figure 16: Kiribati Central Government Operations, 19942007

Acronyms

ADB	Asian Development Bank
APTC	Australian Pacific Technical College
AusAID	Australian Agency for International Development

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