Peter Nabokov - Native American Architecture

NATIVE AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

Interior of Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico. Photographed ca. 1900.

PETER NABOKOV ROBERT EASTON

Oxford University Press

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Copyright 1989 by Peter Nabokov and Robert Easton

Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 100164314
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nabokov, Peter.
Native American architecture / Peter Nabokov, Robert Easton.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p. Includes index.
ISBN 0-19-503781-2 (cloth)
ISBN-13 978-0-19-506665-4 (pbk)
ISBN-0-19-506665-0 (pbk)
1. Indians of North AmericaDwellings.
2. Indians of North AmericaArchitecture.
I. Easton, Robert, 1940. II. Title.
E98.D9N33 1989 722.91dcl9 889944
CIP

Sketch of Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico by Lewis Henry Morgan, after 1853.

Printing (last digit): 9
Printed in the United States of America

1 WIGWAM and LONGHOUSE
NORTHEAST and GREAT LAKES

2 MOUND, TOWN, and CHICKEE
SOUTHEAST

3 EARTHLODGE, GRASS HOUSE, and TIPI
GREAT PLAINS

4 PIT HOUSE and EXTENDED TIPI
PLATEAU

5 WINTER HOUSE, IGLU, and TENT
ARCTIC

6 PLANK HOUSE
NORTHWEST COAST

7 WOOD, EARTH, and FIBER
CALIFORNIA

8 HOGAN, KI, and RAMADA
SOUTHWEST I

9 PUEBLO
SOUTHWEST II

This chart lists Native American tribes by language family and culture area.

Following this books organization, the map below indicates the commonly accepted culture areas of North American Indians. The Subarctic is covered in . Each culture area indication lists the following information: climate zone, ecology, raw materials, and major building types. A regional map at the beginning of each chapter generally locates the major tribes, selected sites, and important geographic features discussed.

1 Northeast/Great Lakes

Temperate

Woodlands

Saplings, birch and elm bark, sinew, reed

Wigwam, longhouse, Subarctic tipi

2 Southeast

Subtropical

Woodlands, tropical

Saplings, wattle-and-daub, palmetto thatch

Town house, chickee

3 Plains

Temperate, Continental Steppe

Prairie

Timber, saplings, sod, grass, hide, canvas

Earthlodge, grass house, tipi

4 Plateau

Continental Steppe, Highlands

Forest, prairie

Timber, saplings, sod, reed, canvas

Pit house, tipi, elongated tipi

5 Arctic

Arctic, Subarctic

Tundra

Snow, sod, timber, seal skin, stone

Winter house, iglu, tent, barabara, kasim

Subarctic

Mountains, tundra, forests, waterways

Timber, saplings, bark, snow, hide, canvas

Wigwam, tipi

6 Northwest Coast

Temperate

Forest, islands, waterways

Cedar timber, split planks, and bark

Plank house

7 California

Temperate, subtropical

Forest, mountains, valley, desert

Redwood timber and split planks, earth, timber, saplings, reed

Plank house, earthlodge, wikiup, bark tipi

Great Basin

Continental steppe, desert

Saplings, brush

Wikiup, tipi

8 Southwest I

Hot arid

Desert, valley, rivers

Adobe, timber, brush

Hogan, wikiup, ki, ramada

9 Southwest II

Hot arid

Desert, valley, rivers

Adobe, stone, timber, brush

Pueblo, kiva

For general assistance, guidance, and encouragement throughout this project we offer special thanks to Dr. Raymond D. Fogelson, Dr. George F. MacDonald, and Dr. William C. Sturtevant. For further assistance, we thank Mr. and Mrs. Armand Bartos and the Pinewood Foundation, which aided us with two grants, and John Watson, Mary S. Easton, James L. Easton, and Patricia Halloran.

We are especially grateful for the overall support and assistance of Dr. Joseph Epes Brown, Dr. Edmund Carpenter, Dr. Vine Deloria, Dr. James Deetz, Dr. Alan Dundes, Dr. Joseph Esherick, Paula Fleming, Dr. David Gebhard, James Glenn, Dr. Nelson Graburn, Dr. Frederick Hoxie, Lloyd Kahn, Dr. George F. MacDonald, Dr. Alice Marriott, Wayne Olts, Diana Parker, Dr. Carol Rachlin, Dr. Amos Rapoport, Dr. William S. Simmons, Dr. Dell Upton, Mrs. Abbie Lou Williams, Dr. Terry Wilson, and Don Congdon.

For print or pictorial research material, special advice, or editorial critiques regarding specific chapters we wish to thank the following individuals:

For information on the Northeast we are grateful to Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Cuppawhe, Dr. William N. Fenton, Benson L. Lanford, Dr. Nancy M. Lurie, Dr. Jay Miller, Gary Montour, Ernie St. Germaine, Dr. William S. Simmons, Dr. William C. Sturtevant, Dr. Thomas Vennum Jr., John White, and Dr. James V. Wright. Our chapter on the Southeast benefited greatly from the assistance of James and Trudy Baldwin, Roy Cypress Sr., Dr. Raymond D. Fogelson, Dr. Charlotte Heth, Houston Hicks, Dr. James H. Howard, Sunshine King, William Morgan, Archie Sam, Crosslin Smith, Lena and John Tigertail, and Dr. Amelia Bell Walker.

For material on the Plains we are indebted to Dr. Stanley J. Ahler, Gerard Baker, Dr. Ted J. Brasser, Dr. Joseph Epes Brown, Dr. Raymond J. Demallie, Jack Haley, Phyllis Howard, John Lovett, Adolf Hungry Wolf, George and Molly Kicking Woman, Dr. Lawrence Loendorf, Phillip Matthews, Lamar Newton, Dr. Douglas Parks, Dr. Joseph D. Porter, June Sampson, and Frank Vyzralek. We are grateful to Dr. Helen Schuster, Louis Thomas, Mary Thomas, and Dr. Roscoe Welmuth for information in the Plateau chapter.