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Sutherland Jon - Air War, Malta, June: June 1940 To November 1942

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Sutherland Jon Air War, Malta, June: June 1940 To November 1942
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    Air War, Malta, June: June 1940 To November 1942
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This is the story of the historic air defense of Malta by the WRAF against the combined attacking forces of the Italian and German air forces. The island was poorly equipped when Italy declared war on Britain in June 1940 and its only defense against air attack at the outset of war were 34 heavy and 8 light antiaircraft guns, one radar set and four Gladiator biplane fighters.
The first air raids came on 11 July and from then on were an almost daily feature of life for the Maltese occupants and the island was in a state of siege. The loss of this strategic point in the central Mediterranean would threaten the major supply routes to the British Army in North Africa and deprive the Royal Navy of a vital base. Although hard-pressed at home and standing alone against Hitlers Europe, every effort was made by Britains government to get supplies, munitions and replacement aircraft to enable the island to withstand the naval and airborne onslaught. Convoy after convoy attempted to get through, Hurricane and Spitfire fighters were launched from aircraft carriers with only sufficient fuel for a one-way trip to the island. Many did not survive these heroic flights. Many famous British ships were lost due to torpedo and air attack, including the carriers Ark Royal and Eagle and the battleship Barham. The siege was finally raised on 20 November 1942.
This book follows the islands wartime history, describing the heavily outnumbered WRAF defense against the many air-raids and how the small bomber force took the battle to Italian shores. It is a tale of outstanding bravery by the British forces and the Maltese people

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Table of Contents APPENDIX ONE TIMELINE OF THE SIEGE APRIL 1940DECEMBER - photo 1
Table of Contents

APPENDIX ONE
TIMELINE OF THE SIEGE (APRIL 1940DECEMBER 1942)

Incorporating relevant events before the siege itself

DateEvent
1935Anti-aircraft defences of the Grand Harbour are strengthened.
20 April 1939British merchant shipping is banned from operating in the Mediterranean.
July 1939The Central Committee is created by the governor of Maltas Advisory Council.
September 1939District Committees are formed in each parish on Malta.
23 April 1940Creation of the Malta Fighter Fight, with eight volunteer pilots. Twenty-four Royal Navy Gladiators that arrived in March 1939 have been reduced to eighteen. Eight of them are requisitioned for HMS Glorious and ten for HMS Eagle. In the event, four are to be kept for the Malta Fighter Flight.
29 April 1940The Malta Flight is dissolved when all ten of the assembled Gladiators are in fact requisitioned by the Royal Navy.
23 May 1940Blackout practice on Malta between 22.00 hours and dawn.
4 May 1940Malta Fighter Flight re-formed after Royal Navy has a change of plan and only takes three of the ten Gladiators, leaving seven on Malta.
11 May 1940Air raid warning practice on Malta.
20 May 1940Volunteers called for, for the Malta Volunteer Defence Force, in Maltese newspapers.
27 May 1940Emergency hospitals on Malta established and a curfew is introduced between 23.00 and 05.00.
10 June 1940Italy declares war on Britain at midnight if Malta is not surrendered. At the outbreak of the war Malta had thirty-four heavy anti-aircraft guns instead of an approved 112 and just eight light anti-aircraft guns, instead of sixty. Also on the island are four obsolete Gladiators to operate as fighters and a single radio set.
11 June 1940The Italians launch their first air raid on Malta at 07.00, attacking Hal Far, Valletta and the Grand Harbour.
12 June 1940Italian bombers inflict seventeen casualties in four different locations on the island.
13 June 1940More Italian raids, including bombs dropped over Kalafrana.
14 June 1940A pair of Italian bombers attacks the Grand Harbour. Refugee settlement centres are established on the island.
15 June 1940Air raid on Hamrun, killing one person. The Governor of Malta announces that protection officers will work with District Committees.
16 June 1940Kalafrana hit. More raids launched in the afternoon.
17 June 1940Five bombers and two fighters attack just after 06.00. Seven Economical Kitchens (or Victory Kitchens) are opened to feed town refugees on the island.
20 June 1940Maltas first night air-raid.
21 June 1940Four Italian raids, with bombs falling on Marsa and Gozo.
22 June 1940First confirmed kill of an Italian aircraft, off Kalafrana.
23 June 1940Flight Lieutenant Burges in a Gladiator shoots down a Macchi 200.
26 June 1940Frequent air raids, with twenty-five S79s. One bomb hits a crowded bus at Marsa, killing twenty-one (seven more would later die from their injuries).
27 June 1940Malta suffers its twenty-eighth air raid in the evening. There are four deaths.
29 June 1940Six Italian aircraft intercepted and forced back before bombing runs.
30 June 1940More Italian raids and cars banned from the roads after 24.00 without special permit.
3 July 1940Eleven Italian aircraft attack. One S79 shot down by a Hurricane five miles out from Kalafrana.
4 July 1940Low flying machine-gun attack on Kalafrana.
5 July 1940Malta receives an unexpected reinforcement when a French floatplane reached Kalafrana at 23.00 hours, having flown from Tunisia. Its crew was eventually attached to No. 230 Squadron at Kalafrana.
6 July 1940Heavy bomb raid on the island but just one casualty. Civilian respirators issued from police stations.
7 July 1940Italians hit three Maltese villages, killing a number of children and older residents.
10 July 1940Several attacks by Italian aircraft. One is shot down.
13 July 1940Flight Lieutenant Burges awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
15 July 1940Bombproof shelters opened in Valletta.
24 July 1940Raid on Kalafrana at 04.00.
31 July 1940Gladiators from Hal Far Fighter Flight intercept an S79 escorted by a number of CR42s. One CR42 shot down to the north of the Grand Harbour. Pilot Officer Hartley shot down, but rescued by the Marine Craft Section.
2 August 1940Twelve Hurricanes arrive in Malta from HMS Argus in Operation Hurry.
1314 August 1940Nine aircraft of 830 Squadron Fleet Air Arm launch attack on Augusta Harbour. Three aircraft fail to make it back to Malta.
15 August 1940Ten S79s escorted by nineteen CR42s attack Hal Far. Four Hurricanes are scrambled. Sergeant ODonnell was shot down by one of the CR42s.
23 August 1940Several reconnaissance flights launched over the island.
24 August 1940Six S79s and seventeen CR42s attack Kalafrana and Hal Far. Four Hurricanes manage to shoot down a CR42.
29 August 1940In Operation Hats convoy sails from Alexandria to Malta, launching attacks on Italian airbases en route.
23 September 1940Six Swordfish from HMS Illustrious arrive in Malta.
4 September 1940Five Italian-manned Ju87 Stukas attack Malta, bombing Kalafrana.
5 September 1940Enemy bombers intercepted over Gozo. Italians machine-gun bus passengers.
7 September 1940Ten S79s and seventeen CR42s attack Valletta just after 12.00. Most bombs fall in the dockyard area.
1417 September 1940Several more Italian raids on Valletta, Kalafrana and Hal Far. On 17 September twelve Italian Stukas, twenty-one CR42s and six Macchi 200s attack Luqa airfield. One Stuka shot down off Filfla.
22 September 1940Italians attack Luqa, destroying several houses and killing a teenager.
23 September 1940Unexploded bombs in the Hal Far area are cleared.
9 October 1940Five S79s attack Kalafrana. A Hurricane night fighter intercepts and shoots one down off Benghisa.
1112 October 1940Convoy bringing in food and other supplies arrives from Port Said.
15 October 1940A French flying boat arrives in Malta, having escaped from Tunisia from the French battleship Richelieu.
17 October 1940More Italian air raids, with one casualty at Zabbar.
31 October 1940British Wellington bombers, based at Luqa, launch their first bombing raid from the island. The aircraft hit Naples, 350 miles away.
56 November 1940A single CR42 strafes a Sunderland in Marsaxlokk Bay.
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