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CONTENTS
To Chuck Manoli, who got our minds moving
Every American is eaten up with a longing to rise.
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA
There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here.... Second, there is the New York of the commuter.... Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the lastthe city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New Yorks high-strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements.
E. B. WHITE, HERE IS NEW YORK
PREFACE
T his book began as a vastly larger enterprise: a history of New York Cityall five boroughsin the years between World War I and World War II. Not long into the research, however, I was strongly drawn to a story within the larger story I had set out to tellthe transformation of Midtown Manhattan in the 1920s from a commercial backwater with one consequential skyscraper, the twenty-five-story Times Tower on Times Square at Forty-second Street and Broadway, into the entertainment and communications center of New Yorkand Americaand a business district that rivaled Wall Street in power and consequence. This transformation began in earnest with the completion of Grand Central Terminal in 1913, the magnet project for the reconstruction of Midtown, and reached its apogee in 1927, the year David Sarnoffs new NBC radio network went national, the Roxy and Ziegfeld Theatres opened, and real estate prince Fred F. French completed his Art Deco skyscraper on Fifth Avenue, one of the first terrifically tall buildings north of Forty-second Street.
In 1927, the year of Charles Lindberghs solo flight from New York to Paris, the tempo of the city had changed sharply... recalled F. Scott Fitzgerald. The parties were bigger and the buildings were higher, the morals were looser and the liquor was cheaper.... The Jazz Age now raced along under its own power, served by great filling stations full of money.
I try to reimagine the city as it was then, to describe the lives of my charactersmost of them from places other than New Yorkas they lived them, unsure of what lay ahead or of posteritys judgment. In 1927, it seemed unimaginable that the greatest urban building boom in modern history would soon collapse with shocking suddenness, and that stylish, high-living Jimmy Walker, the citys immensely popular mayor, would be brought low by charges of corruption and forced to resign.
CAST OF CHARACTERS
(With Place of Origin)
Othmar Ammann | Designer & Engineer, GW Bridge | Schaffhausen, Switzerland |
Elizabeth Arden | Cosmetics Entrepreneur | Ontario, Canada |
Hattie Carnegie | Fashion Entrepreneur | Vienna, Austria |
Irwin S. Chanin | Architect/Builder | Brooklyn, NYC |
Walter P. Chrysler | Founder, Chrysler Motors | Wamego, KS |
Frank Costello | Bootlegger/Mobster | Calabria, Italy |
Jack Dempsey | Heavyweight Boxer | Manassa, CO |
William Big Bill Dwyer | Bootlegger | Hells Kitchen, NYC |
Duke Ellington | Jazz Musician & Composer | Washington, DC |
Fred F. French | Builder | Manhattan, NYC |
Adam Gimbel | President, Saks Fifth Avenue | Philadelphia, PA |
Edwin Goodman | Department Store Mogul | Rochester, NY |
Texas Guinan | Night Club Hostess | Waco, TX |
Clifford M. Holland | Chief Engineer, Holland Tunnel | Somerset, MA |
Raymond M. Hood | Architect | Pawtucket, RI |
Abraham E. Lefcourt | Real Estate Developer | Birmingham, England |
Horace Liveright | Publisher & Broadway Producer | Philadelphia, PA |
Lois Long | Writer, The New Yorker | Stamford, CT |
Owney Madden | Bootlegger/Mobster | Leeds, England |
William S. Paley | Founder, CBS | Chicago, IL |
Joseph Medill Patterson | Founder, New York Daily News | Chicago, IL |
George Tex Rickard | Boxing Promoter | Sherman, TX |
Emery Roth | Builder | Glszcs, Slovakia |
Samuel Roxy Rothafel | Theatrical Impresario | Bromberg, Germany |
Helena Rubinstein | Cosmetics Entrepreneur | Krakw, Poland |
Babe Ruth | New York Yankee | Baltimore, MD |
David Sarnoff | Founder, NBC | Uzlyany, Belarus |
Ruth Snyder | Executed Murderer | Queens, NYC |
Gene Tunney | Heavyweight Boxer | Greenwich Village, NYC |
Anne Harriman Vanderbilt | Philanthropist | Manhattan, NYC |
James J. Walker | Mayor, NYC | Greenwich Village, NYC |
William J. Wilgus | Engineer | Buffalo, NY |
Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. | Broadway Impresario | Chicago, IL |
Gimbel was born in Milwaukee and raised in Philadelphia.
Rickard was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and moved to Sherman, Texas, with his parents when he was four.
PROLOGUE
THE JIMMY WALKER ERA
Jimmy Walker somehow or other seemed to be New York brought to life in one person.
ED SULLIVAN
N ew York paid its final tribute to Jimmy Walker on November 21, 1946. The flags of civic buildings stood at half-staff, the business of the city was suspended, and a Solemn High Requiem Mass was celebrated at St. Patricks Cathedral on Fifth Avenue, the street the former mayor loved so well. In the year of the mayors death, Fifth Avenue between Fiftieth and Fifty-first Streets, where the cathedral faces Rockefeller Center, was in the heart of Midtown Manhattan, the citys transportation, communications, cultural, entertainment, and fashion center. But when the cornerstone of St. Patricks was laid in 1858 this slice of the city was a remote outpost of settlement, a long, wearying carriage ride from New Yorks port and population center on the southern rim of Manhattan Island. Mayor Walker had been born and raised down there, near the Hudson River piers, and had boldly promoted the explosive growth of Midtown, the citys main engine of entrepreneurial opportunity.
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