T UDOR S URVIVOR
T UDOR S URVIVOR
T HE L IFE & T IMES OF
W ILLIAM P AULET
M ARGARET S CARD
Frontispiece: Henry VIII and the Privy Council, by an unknown artist.(National Portrait Gallery, London)
Front of jacket: William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester, unknown artist, detail NPG 65. (National Portrait Gallery, London)
Back of jacket: The Family of Henry VIII: An Allegory of the Tudor Succession, detail, c.1572, attributed to Flemish artist Lucas de Heere (15341584). The panel is now at Sudeley Castle. To the left are Philip II of Spain and Mary. Edward kneels at Henrys feet. Elizabeth on his right holds the hand of Peace. According to the inscription the painting was a gift from Elizabeth to Francis Walsingham. (Bridgeman Art Library)
First published in 2011
The History Press
The Mill, Brimscombe Port
Stroud, Gloucestershire, GL 5 2 QG
www.thehistorypress.co.uk
This ebook edition first published in 2011
All rights reserved
Margaret Scard, 2011
The right of Margaret Scard, to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the authors and publishers rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
EPUB ISBN 978 0 7524 6925 6
MOBI ISBN 978 0 7524 6926 3
Original typesetting by The History Press
Contents
Preface
The story of William Paulet, 1st Marquis of Winchester, is an extraordinary account of political survival during the turbulent years of the Tudor dynasty. Born into a gentry family, probably in 1484 as the Wars of the Roses came to an end, Paulet served under four Tudor monarchs, rising to the position of Lord Treasurer and becoming the most senior peer in the realm by his death in 1572. With his long and varied career at the heart of the Tudor court, Paulet serves as the archetype for the successful courtier.
This biography sets out not only to describe the life of William Paulet set against the politics of the time but also to explain his role at court and to look in detail at how he lived. The book includes several short, descriptive accounts of daily life at both home and court all based on detailed research that are intended to throw light on the many routines and rituals that shaped everyday life during this period. Covering such events as christenings and funerals, together with descriptions of activities such as dressing and dining, this study hopes to provide a vivid picture of the life of a Tudor courtier.
William Paulet has been a part of my life for many years and this book only came to fruition with the help of many people. However, I would like to express my especial thanks to my husband, Geoffrey, and to Valery Rose for their many hours of proof reading and for their invaluable comments and encouragement.
CHRONOLOGY |
of the Life of William Paulet | of Wider Events |
1484 6 June Probable date of birth |
1485 Henry VII defeats Richard III to become King of England |
1509 Married Elizabeth Capel | 1509 April Accession of Henry VIII Henry marries Catherine of Aragon |
1511/1518/1522 Sheriff of Hampshire |
1514 First appointment as Justice of the Peace |
1516 18 February Birth of Princess Mary |
1523 Knighted |
1525 Death of Sir John Paulet |
1526 5 February Kings Councillor for law 3 November Joint Master of the Kings Wards |
1529 3 November Member of Parliament |
1530 Death of Cardinal Wolsey |
1531 January Surveyor General of all possessions in the Kings hands by the minority of heirs, also Surveyor of the Kings widows and Governor of all idiots and naturals in the Kings hands |
1532 May Comptroller of the Royal Household October Member of Kings entourage to France |
1533 Joint Master of the Kings Woods Surveyor of Woods in the Duchy of Lancaster June Travelled to France with the Duke of Norfolk | 1533 25 January Henry marries Anne Boleyn April Act in Restraint of Appeals May Henrys marriage to Catherine of Aragon declared invalid Marriage of Henry and Anne Boleyn pronounced legal 7 September Birth of Princess Elizabeth |
1534 Act of Succession Act of Supremacy |
1535 1 July One of the judges to try Sir Thomas More | 1535 6 July Execution of Sir Thomas More |
1536 12 May One of the judges to try men accused of consorting with Anne Boleyn October Organising supplies for Kings army during Pilgrimage of Grace | 1536 7 January Death of Catherine of Aragon 19 May Execution of Anne Boleyn 30 May Henry marries Jane Seymour October Pilgrimage of Grace |
1537 Sole Master of the Kings Wards October Treasurer of the Royal Household | 1537 12 October Birth of Prince Edward 24 October Death of Jane Seymour 8 |
1539 9 March Created Baron St John |
1540 July Master of the Court of Wards | 1540 6 January Henry marries Anne of Cleves 13 July Annulment of Henrys marriage to Anne of Cleves 28 July Execution of Thomas Cromwell Henry marries Catherine Howard |
1541 Master of the Kings Woods December One of the judges to try Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham |
1542 Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries 19 November Privy Councillor | 1542 13 February Execution of Catherine Howard |
1543 6 May Installed Knight of the Garter 16 May Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household | 1543 12 July Henry marries Catherine Parr |
1544 Organising supplies for Kings army during Boulogne campaign | 1544 War with France and the capture of Boulogne |
1545 Governor of Portsmouth November Lord Great Master of the Kings Household Lord President of the Kings Council | 1545 French invasion threat and sinking of the Mary Rose |
1547 January Executor of Henry VIIIs will MarchOctober Lord Keeper of the Great Seal | 1547 28 January Death of Henry VIII Accession of Edward VI |
1549 October Involved in the overthrow of the Duke of Somerset | 1549 First Edwardian Book of Common Prayer Rebellion in west and east of England October Coup against Duke of Somerset |