More Praise for
THE FIRE IS UPON US
Nicholas Buccola is the author of The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass and the editor of The Essential Douglass and Abraham Lincoln and Liberal Democracy. His work has appeared in the New York Times, Salon, and many other publications. He is the Elizabeth and Morris Glicksman Chair in Political Science at Linfield College in McMinnville, Oregon.
The Fire Is upon Us is both a dual biography of Buckley and Baldwin and an acute commentary on a great intellectual prizefight.
THOMAS MEANEY, New York Times Book Review
The fault lines between Buckley and Baldwin are just as relevant as ever.
SORAYA NADIA MCDONALD, ESPNs The Undefeated
Scintillating.
ROBERT L. TSAI, Boston Review
The Fire Is upon Us makes a compelling case for why Baldwin and Buckley were who they were and, in doing so, serves as a good starting point for understanding the nature of the present partisan divide.
AARON ROBERTSON, Literary Hub
[The Fire Is upon Us] sets the context for the epic confrontation, illuminating two vastly different extent, remain relevant today.... Buccola concludes, provocatively, that although Buckley lost the debate at Cambridge, he used racial resentment to help conservatives capture the Republican party, take control of southern politics, and win the presidency in seven of the last ten elections. The price of victory, he adds, has been incredibly high.
GLENN ALTSCHULER, Florida Courier
Captivating... not only masterfully re-creates the debate in dramatic detail, but provides critical context, illuminating the road that each man traveled to Cambridge, and the groundbreaking work that established Baldwin and Buckley as iconic figures on opposite sides of the battle over racial justice and white supremacy that divided the country then as today.
GLENN ALTSCHULER, Florida Courier
With flair and grace, Nicholas Buccola provides the unforgettable backstory to a momentous debatea clash of antiracist and racist ideasover the very meaning of the American dream. It is a debate that still resonates today. A vital read.
IBRAM X. KENDI, National Book Awardwinning author of Stamped from the Beginning and How to Be an Antiracist
Drawing deep from archives while reminding us of that classic, grainy video of Baldwin and Buckley and Buckley squaring off in England, Buccola brilliantly illuminates the American dilemma of race in the context of the early sixties, as well as now. As historian and political analyst, he deftly captures these two iconic wordsmiths at the peak of their divergent powers. How forcefully the past is past, but also so present in the hands of a superb scholar.
DAVID W. BLIGHT, Pulitzer Prizewinning author of Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom
Two important voices. Two different visions of America. The Fire Is upon Us details the extraordinary gulf between James Baldwin and William F. Buckley Jr., which set the stage for their fateful encounter in Cambridge in 1965 and brilliantly describes our current malaise. With care and balance, Buccola examines these two historic figures and what followed from their views on race and the American dream. This is a must-readespecially as we are forced to choose between competing visions of who we take ourselves to be as Americans.
EDDIE S. GLAUDE JR., author of Democracy in Black: How Race Still Enslaves the American Soul
To answer the question How did we get to where we are today? this stimulating book takes us back to a pivotal moment when the civil rights movement was struggling to change America and the conservative movement was attempting, in the words of William F. Buckley Jr., to stand athwart history, yelling Stop! Nicholas Buccolas central thesis is controversial and provocativein every sense of the word.
CARL T. BOGUS, author of Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism
An insightful, thoroughly researched, and well-written analysis of a pivotal moment in the history of civil rights in America.
DAVID LEEMING, author of James Baldwin: A Biography
This rich and provocative book follows Baldwin and Buckley from their earliest days to their confrontation on the debate stage and on TV, showing how they talked past one another. The Fire Is upon Us is excellent history but its also brimming with relevance for contemporary racial politics.
PATRICK ALLITT, author of The Conservatives
This rich and provocative book follows Baldwin and Buckley from their earliest days to their confrontation on the debate stage and on TV, showing how they talked past one another. The Fire Is upon Us is excellent history but its also brimming with relevance for contemporary racial politics.
PATRICK ALLITT, author of The Conservatives
Written with marvelous style, The Fire Is upon Us is captivating, provocative, and exciting. Through its deep and thoughtful portraits of Baldwin and Buckley and its readings of American culture, politics, and history, the book casts light on the national past, present, and (one presumes) future.
SUSAN MCWILLIAMS BARNDT, editor of A Political Companion to James Baldwin
THE FIRE IS UPON US
THE FIRE IS UPON US
Nicholas Buccola
James Baldwin, William F. Buckley Jr., and the Debate over Race in America
Princeton University Press
Princeton and Oxford
Copyright 2019 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press
41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR
press.princeton.edu
All Rights Reserved
First paperback printing, 2020
Paperback ISBN 978-0-691-21077-3
Cloth ISBN 978-0-691-18154-7
eISBN 978-069-1-19739-5
Version 1.0
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
Editorial: Rob Tempio and Matt Rohal
Production Editorial: Brigitte Pelner
Production: Merli Guerra
Publicity: James Schneider (US) and Kate Farquhar-Thomson (UK)
Copyeditor: Cindy Milstein
Cover Images: (Left) William F. Buckley. Courtesy of Nick Machalaba / Penske Media. (Right) James Baldwin. Courtesy of Steve Schapiro Corbis Premium Collection
Printed in the United States of America
This book is dedicated to my mom and dad,
whose love seems limitless,
and to Mark E. Kann (19472016)
and Scott B. Smith (19632017),
who taught me so much about
teaching, scholarship, and friendship
The White community in the South is entitled to take such measures as are necessary to prevail, politically and culturally because, for the time being, it is the advanced race.
WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY JR., WHY THE SOUTH MUST PREVAIL (1957)
Interviewer: [In The Fire Next Time], you talk about a people being led to their doom by an attitude of mind. What do you say now about the fire?
James Baldwin: The fire is upon us.
JAMES BALDWIN INTERVIEWED BY JOHN HALL, TRANSATLANTIC REVIEW (1970)
Illustrations
THE FIRE IS UPON US
Prologue
On the evening of February 18, 1965, the Cambridge Union was abuzz with excitement. The debating hall of the Union, which was modeled after the British House of Commons, was packed with more than seven hundred people. Students and guests at the idyllic campus of the University of Cambridge filled every spot available on the benches and in the galleries, and still more sat in the aisles and on the floor. As the worlds oldest and most prestigious debating society, the Cambridge Union had often been the site of public attention, but this evening had the promise of something extraordinary. Just a few days earlier, the Union had marked its 150th anniversary with an event that featured the Archbishop of Canterbury and several members of parliament, but the energy in the air on this night was different. The people in the debating hall of the Union sensed that they were about to witness an intellectual clash for the ages.
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