Susan Williams - Spies in the Congo: America’s Atomic Mission in World War II
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- Book:Spies in the Congo: America’s Atomic Mission in World War II
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Spies in the Congo: America’s Atomic Mission in World War II: summary, description and annotation
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Albert Einstein told President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939 that the worlds only supply of uniquely high-quality uranium orethe key ingredient for bomb could be found in the Katanga province of the Belgian Congo at the Shinkolobwe Mine. Once the US Manhattan Project was committed to developing atomic weapons for the war against Germany and Japan, the rush to procure this uranium became a top priorityone deemed vital to the welfare of the United States.
But covertly exporting it from Africa posed a major risk: the ore had to travel via a spy-infested Angolan port or 1,500 miles by rail through the Congo, and then be shipped by boats or Pan Am Clippers to safety in the United States. It could be poached or smuggled at any point on the orders of Nazi Germany. To combat that threat, the US Office of Strategic Services sent in a team of intrepid spies, led by Wilbur Owings Dock Hogue, to be Americas eyes and ears and to protect its most precious and destructive cargo.
Packed with newly discovered details from American and British archives, this is the gripping, true story of the unsung heroism of a handful of good menand one womanin colonial Africa who risked their lives in the fight against fascism and helped deny Hitler his atomic bomb.
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Copyright 2016 by Susan Williams Published by PublicAffairs, an imprint of Perseus Books, a division of PBG Publishing, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address PublicAffairs, 250 West 57th Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10107. PublicAffairs books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the U.S. by corporations, institutions, and other organizations.
For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, call (800) 810-4145, ext. 5000, or e-mail .
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
LCCN: 2016936154
ISBN 978-1-61039-655-4 (e-book) First published in the United Kingdom in 2016 by C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.
First Edition
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For Tendi
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A-2 | Intelligence Section of Air Staff, US |
Abwehr | Intelligence Service, Germany |
AEF | Afrique Equatoriale Franaise |
AHEC | Army Heritage and Education Center, US Army War College |
ALSOS | US mission investigating Germanys atomic project in Europe |
AMEW | Africa-Middle East Wing Headquarters |
ATC | Air Transport Command, US |
AZUSA | OSS atomic intelligence mission in Europe |
BCK | Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga |
BCRA | Bureau Central de Renseignements et dAction |
BEW | Bureau of Economic Warfare, US |
BOAC | British Overseas Airways Corporation |
C | Chief of SIS |
Caltex | California Texas Oil Company (see also Texaco below) |
CDT | Combined Development Trust |
CFL | Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Congo Suprieur aux Grands Lacs Africains |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency, US, successor to OSS |
CIC | Counter Intelligence Corps, US Army |
CIG | Centre dInformation Gouvernemental |
CIG | Central Intelligence Group |
COI | Office of the Coordinator of Information, US, predecessor of OSS |
CSK | Comit Spcial du Katanga |
DNI | Director of Naval Intelligence, US |
ETC | tudes et Traitements Chimiques |
Eville | Elisabethville |
FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigation, US |
FEA | Foreign Economic Administration, US, successor to BEW |
FOI | Freedom of Information, UK |
FOIA | Freedom of Information Act, USA |
FRUS | Foreign Relations of the United States |
G-2 | Army Intelligence, US |
G-5 | Civil Affairs division of SHAEF |
HEU | Highly Enriched Uranium |
HMG | His Majestys Government, UK |
HMSO | Her Majestys Stationery Office |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Authority |
IDB | Illicit Diamond Buying |
IDSO | International Diamond Security Organization |
Leo | Lopoldville |
M | Head of MI5 |
MALPAS | British intelligence network to monitor Axis shipping |
MED | Manhattan Engineer District |
MEW | Ministry of Economic Warfare, UK |
MI5 | Security Service, UK |
MI6 | Secret Intelligence Service, UK, also known as SIS |
MIS | Military Intelligence Service, US |
MO | Morale Operations, OSS |
NARA | National Archives and Records Administration, US |
ONI | Office of Naval Intelligence, US |
OSS | Office of Strategic Services, US |
OWI | Office of War Information, US |
Pan Am | Pan American Airways |
R&A | Research and Analysis Division, OSS |
RG | Record Group |
SAPE | Socit des Ambianceurs et des Personnes lgantes, Congo |
SEDEC | Socit dEntreprises Commerciales au Congo Belge |
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