Dianna Everett - The Texas Cherokees: A People Between Two Fires 1819-1840 (Civilization of the American Indian Series)
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The Texas Cherokees: A People Between Two Fires 1819-1840 (Civilization of the American Indian Series)
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In 1819 to 1820 several hundred Cherokees-led by Duwali, a chief from Tennessee-settled along the Sabine, Neches, and Angelina rivers in east Texas. Welcomed by Mexico as a buffer to U.S. settlement, Duwalis people had separated from other Western Cherokees in an effort to retain the tribes traditional lifeways. As Dianne Everett details in The Texas Cherokees, they found themselves caught between two fires in many respects: between the Cherokee ideal of harmony and the reality of factionalism, between white settlers pushing westward and western Indians resisting incursions, and between traditional ways and the practical necessity of accommodating to whites.
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The Texas Cherokees : A People between Two Fires, 1819-1840 Civilization of the American Indian Series ; V. 203
author
:
Everett, Dianna.
publisher
:
University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0806127201
print isbn13
:
9780806127200
ebook isbn13
:
9780585168845
language
:
English
subject
Cherokee Indians--History--19th century, Cherokee Indians--Government relations, Indians of North America--Texas--History--19th century.
publication date
:
1995
lcc
:
E99.C5E89 1995eb
ddc
:
976.4/004975
subject
:
Cherokee Indians--History--19th century, Cherokee Indians--Government relations, Indians of North America--Texas--History--19th century.
Page iii
The Texas Cherokees
A People Between Two Fires 1819-1840
by Dianna Everett
University of Oklahoma Press : Norman
Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Everett, Dianna. The Texas Cherokees: a people between two fires, 1819 - 1840 / Dianna Everett. 1st ed. p. cm. (The Civilization of the American Indian series: v. 203) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8061-2296-X 1. Cherokee IndiansHistory19th century. 2. Cherokee IndiansGovernment relations. 3. Indians of North America TexasHistory19th century. I. Title. II. Series. E99.C5E89 1990 976.4'004975dc2090-50233 CIP
The Texas Cherokees: A People Between Two Fires, 1819-1840, is Volume 203 in The Civilization of the American Indian Series.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc.
Copyright 1990 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Page v
For Bobby and Robert
Page vii
Contents
Preface
xiii
1 The Cherokees Come to Texas
3
2 "What Is to Be Done with Us Poor Indians?"
24
3 The Calm: Hopeful Accommodation, 1828-1835
49
4 The Storm: Revolution and Rebellion, 1836-1838
75
5 "Between Two Fires": War and Removal, 1839-1840
99
Epilogue
119
Notes
123
Bibliography
155
Index
167
Page ix
Illustrations
Duwali, leader of the Texas Cherokees
7
Tahchee, as portrayed by George Catlin, 1834
35
Portrait sketch of two Texas Cherokees, 1828
56
Letter written in the Cherokee syllabary, 1836
58-59
Signature page of the Texas Cherokee-Republic of Texas Treaty, 1836
72
Page xi
Maps
Compression of Cherokee Lands
8
Northwestern Arkansas, 1820
12
Location of Indian and Spanish Settlements in East Texas, 1820
20
Cherokee Land in Texas, 1833 and 1836
92
Page xiii
Preface
In 1839 a Texan general remarked to Chief Duwali, leader of the Texas Cherokees, that the Indians were "between two fires"; he referred to the position of the Texas troops, who at that moment flanked the Cherokees and prepared for battle. But the general's words took in a whole world of Cherokee experience, for these Indians had been "between two fires" since the advent of Europeans in North America. The Cherokees were troubled by the dichotomy between the ideal of harmony among individuals and the reality of factionalism in their everyday life, between the comfort of tradition and the practical necessity of accommodation to the ways of whites. They were caught between two fires in the struggle of European nations for the domination of a continent. They were caught between two fires in their emigration westward, with white settlers pressing in from the east while on the west other tribes resisted Cherokee emigration. The Cherokees met much the same situation in Texas, and at last, they found themselves between the two fires of removal and extermination. The story of the Texas Cherokees is the story of a people
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