OECD - Sustainable Infrastructure for Low-Carbon Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus
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OECD (2019), Sustainable Infrastructure for Low-Carbon Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Hotspot Analysis and Needs Assessment , Green Finance and Investment, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/d1aa6ae9-en .
The information in this document with reference to Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the Cyprus issue.
The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
This report has been compiled within the GIZ program Capacity Development for climate policy in the countries of South East, Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus and Central Asia, Phase III
As a service provider with worldwide operations in the fields of international cooperation for sustainable development and international education work, GIZ works together with its partners to develop effective solutions that offer people better prospects and sustainably improve their living conditions. GIZ is a public-benefit federal enterprise and supports the German Government and a host of public and private sector clients in a wide variety of areas, including economic development and employment promotion, energy and the environment, and peace and security.
This report was prepared under the supervision of Kumi Kitamori and Virginie Marchal. The lead authors were Douglas Herrick, Alin Horj, Virginie Marchal and Andrei Smirnov. The report was prepared for publication by Lupita Johanson.
The report was presented at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the GREEN Action Task Force and benefited from comments from the members of the GREEN Action Task Force, the OECDs Environment Directorate and Global Relations Secretariat under the Office of the Secretary General, GIZ, the Development Bank of Kazakhstan, the State Agency on Environmental Protection and Forestry of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Interstate Commission on Sustainable Development of Central Asia and the Ministry of Economy and Industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
This report presents key findings from an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of existing institutional frameworks for strategic planning of sustainable infrastructure in eight countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). It also provides an inventory of infrastructure projects, both planned and under construction, in the region, with the objective of assessing the extent to which infrastructure plans are consistent with long-term development, climate and environmental objectives.
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities related to infrastructure investment in the region.
Chapters 2 to 9 present country profiles that consist of three components:
a rapid assessment of the challenges and opportunities related to investment, climate and infrastructure;
an analysis of hotspot infrastructure projects, which are defined as infrastructure projects (planned and under construction) with potentially high environmental, social and economic impacts;
an overview of strengths and shortcomings in the existing framework for strategic infrastructure planning.
Due to limited data availability, the data points for the eight countries included in the present study are not always comparable. The authors have included the most recent data points available and, as much as possible, have used the same sources for each sector. When possible, other data points were included from national statistics offices from the most recent year available.
Methodology: building the database of infrastructure projects
The analysis draws on a database of infrastructure projects compiled by the OECD. The database covers eight countries (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) and five sectors:
Transport (including airports, roads, railways, multimodal transportation hubs, transportation and logistics centres).
Energy (including projects related to electricity generation, electric power transmission and distribution, upstream oil and gas, oil and gas pipelines).
Industry (including manufacturing projects related to iron and steel production, cement plants, petrochemical plants, fabricated metal products, coke and refined petroleum).
Mining and quarrying (including of metal ores such as gold, chrome, copper, zinc, iron, tin, uranium).
Water (including water supply, water facilities, irrigation and drainage projects, rehabilitation).
The database covers infrastructure projects planned, under construction or completed in the period 2000 to 2018, and draws on the following sources of information:
International financial institutions and national development banks web sites : Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB); European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD); European Investment Bank (EIB); Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB); China Export-Import Bank; Development Bank of Kazakhstan (DBK); International Monetary Fund (IMF); OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID); World Bank; Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau (KfW).
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