B. Guy Peters - Comparing public bureaucracies: problems of theory and method
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Comparing public bureaucracies: problems of theory and method
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The comparative study of public policy once promised to make major contributions to our understanding of government. Much of that promise now appears unfulfilled. What accounts for this decline in intellectual fortunes and change in intellectual fashion? Comparing Public Bureaucracies seeks to understand why. One of the principal answers is that there is no readily accepted and dependent variable that would allow comparative public administration to conform to the usual canons of social research. In contrast, comparative public policy has a ready-made dependent variable in public expenditure. Peters discusses four possible dependent variables for comparative public administration. The first is personnelthe number and type of people who work for government. Second, the number and type of organizations that form government can suggest a great deal about the structure of government. Third, the behavior of members is obviously important for understanding what actually happens in governmentsuch as the extents to which bureaucracies approximate the budget-maximizing behavior posited by economists. Ginally, the relative power of civil servants in the policymaking process is a major factor in institutional politics in contemporary industrial societies.
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Comparing Public Bureaucracies : Problems of Theory and Method
author
:
Peters, B. Guy.
publisher
:
University of Alabama Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0817303685
print isbn13
:
9780817303686
ebook isbn13
:
9780585141015
language
:
English
subject
Bureaucracy, Public administration, Comparative government.
publication date
:
1988
lcc
:
JF1501.P42 1988eb
ddc
:
350/.001
subject
:
Bureaucracy, Public administration, Comparative government.
Page iii
Comparing Public Bureaucracies
Problems of Theory and Method
B. Guy Peters
The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa London
Page iv
Copyright 1988 by The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Peters, B. Guy. Comparing public bureaucracies. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Bureaucracy 2. Public administration. 3. Comparative government. I. Title. JF1501.P435 1988 350.001 87-5077 ISBN 0-8173-0368-5 ISBN 0-8173-0384-7 (pbk.)
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data is available.
Page v
In memory of SDA and RCMcD
Page vii
Contents
Tables
ix
Figures
xi
Preface
xiii
1. The Need for Comparison in Public Bureaucracy and the Difficulties Involved
1
2. Public Employment and Public Service Industries
26
3. Organizations as the Building Blocks of Government
(with Brian W. Hogwood)
61
4. The Behavior of Public Officials
107
5. The Pursuit of Power
144
6. Conclusion
181
References
190
Index
209
Page ix
Tables
1. The Scale of Public Employment
28
2. Social Class Backgrounds of Senior Civil Servants
35
3. Ratio of Central Government Wages to per Capita Income
38
4. Department of Defense Prime Contracts as a Percentage of Total Sales, 1985
42
5. Private Employment Created by Contractual Relationships with Government in the United States
43
6. Public and Private Employees in Functional Areas, 1980
49
7. Changes in Public and Private Employment, 19701980
50
8. Direct Public Employment and Other Forms of Employment Relationships, Canada, 1971
53
9. Public and Private Employment in Sweden, 1980
55
10. Types of Policy Change by Decade
89
11. Rates of Total Activity by Policy Area
90
12. Change in Each Type of Organization
93
13. Types of Organizational Change in Organizations with Different Bases
97
14. Development of Decision Centers in French Ministries, 18701978
102
15. Rates of Organizational Activity in the Swedish Agriculture Department, 19321982
103
Page x
16. Cumulative Changes in Civil Service Pay Rates and Economic Indicators, 19711984
134
17. Changes in Salary Levels, 19701984, by Grade
135
18. Changes in Components of Total Compensation, 19701984
136
19. Federal Civilian Employment, 19501984
137
20. Federal Civil Service by Grade, 1970 and 1984
138
21. Changes in Offices of Chief Administrators, Cabinet Departments, and Large Agencies, 19701984
140
22. Characteristics of Ideal-Type Models of Interactions
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