Havighurst - Ohio: a bicentennial history

Author and publishers make grateful acknowledgment to the following for permission to quote from materials previously published:

Holt, Rinehart and Winston for permission to reprint one line from The Gift Outright and one line from The Ax-Helve in The Poetry of Robert Frost. Edited by Edward Connery Lathem. Copyright 1923, 1969 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Copyright 1942, 1951 by Robert Frost. Copyright 1970 by Lesley Frost Ballantine.

Doubleday & Company together with The Indiana Magazine of History, published by the Department of History, Indiana University, Bloomington, in cooperation with the Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, for permission to reprint eight lines of poetry from Generals in the White House, by Dorothy Burne Goebel and Julius Goebel, Jr. Copyright 1945, by Dorothy Burne Goebel and Julius Goebel, Jr.

Copyright 1976,
by American Association for State and Local History
All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Havighurst, Walter, 1901

Ohio: a bicentennial history.

(The States and the Nation series)

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

1. OhioHistory. I. Series.

F491.H4 977.1 7627764

ISBN: 978-0-393-34862-0 (e-book)

Published and distributed by W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
500 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10036

THE STATES AND THE NATION SERIES, of which this volume is a part, is designed to assist the American people in a serious look at the ideals they have espoused and the experiences they have undergone in the history of the nation. The content of every volume represents the scholarship, experience, and opinions of its author. The costs of writing and editing were met mainly by grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, a federal agency. The project was administered by the American Association for State and Local History, a nonprofit learned society, working with an Editorial Board of distinguished editors, authors, and historians, whose names are listed below.

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

James Morton Smith, General Editor
Director, State Historical Society
of Wisconsin

William T. Alderson, Director

American Association for

State and Local History

Roscoe C. Born

Vice-Editor

The National Observer

Vernon Carstensen

Professor of History

University of Washington

Michael Kammen, Professor of

American History and Culture

Cornell University

Louis L. Tucker

President (19721974)

American Association for

State and Local History

Joan Paterson Kerr

Consulting Editor

American Heritage

Richard M. Ketchum

Editor and Author

Dorset, Vermont

A. Russell Mortensen

Assistant Director

National Park Service

Lawrence W. Towner

Director and Librarian

The Newberry Library

Richmond D. Williams

President (19741976)

American Association for

State and Local History

MANAGING EDITOR

Gerald George

American Association for
State and Local History

Contents

Illustrations

Anyone curious about the development of Ohio should become acquainted with the 1,900 double-column pages of Henry Howes Historical Collections of Ohio, 2 volumes (Columbus: Henry Howe & Son, 1889). Based on two tours of the state, on horseback in 1846 and by train forty years later, the work is a compilation of history, geography, biography, and travel information. Organized by counties, it goes into every part of the state and tells something of lively interest about every city, town, and village. No other state has a historical grabbag like this. Its 1846 pencil sketches are supplemented by photographs from the 1880s.

The six-volume History of the State of Ohio, edited by Carl Wittke (Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 19411944) is a work of authoritative scholarship and comprehensive scope. The separate volumes are Beverley W. Bond, Jr., The Foundations of Ohio; William T. Utter, The Frontier State, 18031825; Francis P. Weisenberger, The Passing of the Frontier, 18251850; Eugene H. Roseboom, The Civil War Era, 18501873; Philip D. Jordan, Ohio Comes of Age, 18731900; and Harlow Lindley, editor, Ohio in the Twentieth Century. This series can be supplemented but not superseded.

The best single-volume general history is Eugene H. Roseboom and Francis P. Weisenberger, A History of Ohio (Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1953). Written with vigor and clarity and generously illustrated, this book will reward any reader. The most comprehensive of all state histories of the Civil War is Whitelaw Reids big two-volume Ohio in the War (Cincinnati: Moore, Wilstach & Baldwin, 1868). It includes detailed biographical sketches of the Ohio generals.

The approach of the regional historian, informal but informing, and more narrative than expository, is exemplified in Harlan Hatcher, The Buckeye Country (New York: Kinsey, 1940) and The Western Reserve (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1949); R. E. Banta, The Ohio (New York: Rinehart & Company, 1949); and William D. Ellis, The Cuyahoga (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966). Philip D. Jordan, The National Road (Indianapolis: Boobs-Merrill, 1948) shows Ohio in the yeasty years of the 1830s. This is also the period of Mrs. Frances Trollopes famous Domestic Manners of the Americans, edited by Donald Smalley (New York: Knopf, 1949), a graphic, caustic, and discerning book largely based on the English authors residence in Cincinnati.

Memoirs that make significant portrayals of Ohio background range from William Cooper Howells, Recollections of Life in Ohio, from 1813 to 1840 (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke Company, 1890) and William Dean Howells, A Boys Town (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1890) to Charles Allan Smart, R. F. D. (New York: Norton, 1938). Louis Bromfield, The Farm (New York: Harper, 1933) is a Western Reserve family chronicle that moves from a rooted provincialism to the restless commercialism that replaced it in the course of three generations. Like much of Ohio history and literature The Farm reveals forces at work not only in Ohio but in the nation generally.

Biographies of rewarding interest include Thomas Beer, Hanna (New York: Knopf, 1929); Forrest Wilson, Crusader in Crinoline, Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1941); Margaret Leech, In the Days of McKinley (New York: Harper & Row, 1959); and James T. Patterson, Mr. Republican, A Biography of Robert A. Taft (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972). Ohios large role in political history is examined in Richard P. McCormick, The Second American Party System (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966); H. Wayne Morgan, From Hayes to McKinley (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1969); and Hoyt Landon Warner, Progressivism in Ohio (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1964).

Engaging accounts of Ohio cities are George E. Condon, Cleveland, The Best Kept Secret (Garden City: Doubleday, 1967) and Clara Long-worth de Chambrun, Cincinnati, The Story of the Queen City (New York: Scribners, 1939). Small-town Ohio is portrayed with humor, candor, and proportion in Helen Santmyer,