OAPEN Foundation. - Fire Mountains of the Islands: a History of Volcanic Eruptions and Disaster Management in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

Table 1. Volcanoes in Eruption in Near Oceania from 1875 to 1878

Table 2. Volcanoes in Eruption in Near Oceania from 1884 to 1899

Table 3. Volcanoes in Eruption in Near Oceania from 1951 to 1957

Table 4. Volcanoes in Eruption in Near Oceania from 1972 to 1975

Table 5. Stages of Volcanic Alert at Rabaul

Table 6. VEI Values for Major Eruptions

Tabl e . Dates o f Major Eruptions fro m Witori ( W K ) a n d D akatau a ( Dk ) V olcanoes

Table 8. Nine Bismarck Volcanic Arc Volcanoes in Eruption or Restless between August 2002 and October 2006

Table 9. Thirteen Evacuations in Papua New Guinea

Volcano Names and Totals

Volcanoes of Near Oceania

Chapter 1

Figure 1. Map by William Dampier showing track of the Roebuck in 1700

Figure 2. Ulawun volcano on map and sketch by William Dampier in 1700

Figure 3. Ritter Island as seen by William Dampier in 1700

Figure 4. Long and Crown islands as seen by William Dampier in 1700

Figure 5. Portrait of William Dampier

Figure 6. New Oceania showing selected volcanoes and modern bathymetry

Figure 7. Giant beneath Etna volcano in 18th century engraving

Chapter 2

Figure 8. Detail of New Guinea area from the 17th Century chart Insulae Molvccae

Figure 9. Manam Island as seen by Abel Tasman in 1643

Figure 10. Rabaul volcanoes as seen by Philip Carteret in 1767

Figure 11. Rabaul volcanoes as seen by John Hunter in 1791

Figure 12. Bagana volcano as seen by John Parker Wilson in 1842

Chapter 3

Figure 13. Rabaul Harbour as mapped by Simpson and Greet in 1872

Figure 14. Fergusson Island geothermal area as seen by John Moresby
in 1874

Figure 15. Miklouho-Maclay in staged photograph probably in late 1870s

Figure 16. Manam Island as painted by Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay in 1877

Figure 17. Rabaul Harbour in 1875 as shown in map by G.E.G. von Schleinitz

Figure 18. Portrait of Wilfred Powell

Figure 19. The larger of the Beehives in Rabaul Harbour in 1883

Figure 20. Lolobau Island as seen by Wilfred Powell in 1878

Figure 21. Ulawun and Bamus volcanoes as seen by Wilfred Powell in 1878

Figure 22. Volcanoes of the Willaumez Peninsula area as mapped by Wilfred Powell in 1878

Chapter 4

Figure 23. Manam Island as seen by Otto Finsch in 1884

Figure 24. Ritter Island as seen by G.E.G. von Schleinitz in about 1887

Figure 25. Aerial view of modern Ritter Island

Figure 26. Rabaul Harbour after the 1878 eruption as shown in map published in 1888

Figure 27. Portraits of Karl Sapper and Albert Hahl

Figure 28. Bamus volcano as seen during voyage by L. Couppe in 1894

Chapter 5

Figure 29. Detail from 1875 map of journey in highlands of New Guinea by J.A. Dawson

Figure 30. Volcanic features of Mount Victory

Figure 31. Evan R. Stanley and family in 1919

Figure 32. Detail from 1924 geological map of Papua

Figure 33. Modern view of Giluwe volcano

Figure 34. Profiles of Bosavi volcano

Figure 35. Volcanoes of the Fly-Highlands province

Chapter 6

Figure 36. Australian troops at entrance to Rabaul Harbour in about 1918

Figure 37. Australian troops at Tavurvur, Rabaul, during the First World War

Figure 38. Pago volcano in eruption in 1918

Figure 39. View of Dakataua volcano in 1921

Figure 40. Krakatau-type caldera formation

Figure 41. Glen Coe-type caldera formation

Figure 42. Rabaul area shortly after the 1937 eruption

Figure 43. Vulcan eruption in 1937 on front page of Daily Telegraph

Figure 44. Lightning in Vulcan eruption cloud in 1937

Figure 45. Vulcan and Tavurvur in reduced eruption in 1937

Figure 46. C.E. Stehn visiting the Durour in 1937

Figure 47. N.H. Fisher at Vulcan in 1937

Figure 48. Volcanological observatory building at Rabaul in about 19401941

Chapter 7

Figure 49. Tavurvur in eruption in 1941

Figure 50. Takashi Kizawa at the Sulphur Creek Observatory, Rabaul

Figure 51. Bomber attack at Rabaul Harbour in 1943

Figure 52. Devastated area at Goropu volcano in 1943

Figure 53. Goropu volcano as seen on modern topographic map

Figure 54. Base surge at Long Island in 1955

Figure 55. Omori seismograph at Rabaul in the early 1950s

Chapter 8

Figure 56. Aerial view of Lamington eruption cloud on 21 January 1951

Figure 57. Area of volcanic destruction at Lamington in 1951

Figure 58. Victims on the road to Higaturu in 1951

Figure 59. Destruction from pyroclastic surge near Higaturu in 1951

Figure 60. Requiem mass on a jeep on road to Higaturu in 1951

Figure 61. Tony Taylor at Popondetta Airstrip in February 1951

Figure 62. Aerial view of Mount Lamington from the north in February 1951

Figure 63. Visit to active lava dome and crater on Lamington in February 1951