Shigemochi Hirashima - Inclusiveness in India: A Strategy for Growth and Equality (Ide-Jetro)

Key: bold = extended discussion; f = figure; n = note; t = table.

affirmative action programme

agricultural labour

agriculture

fertile land

crop failures

growth rate (Bihar)

investment and productivity

labour-surplus subsistent

off-farm employment (n7)

slow growth, low productivity

see also land distribution

All-India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS, NSSO)

alternative development strategy (Bihar)

agricultural growth

human development

infrastructure (market integration)

poverty alleviation

Andhra Pradesh (AP) t

Anganwadi t

Arunachal Pradesh

Aschauer, D. A.

Assam (AS) t

assets

changes (1980s, 1990s)

composition (rural India, 20023) f

under-reporting bias

asymmetric federalism

and regional disparities

Ayodhya

Bahujan Samaj Party t

Bandyopadhyay Commission (n1112)

bank branches t

licensing policy (1977)

loss-making

number

number (access to financial services)

openings (n3)

population group-wise distribution (19692005) f

Beck, T.

below poverty line

BPL children (n10)

BPL households

BPL population (n1)

(19732005) f

Bihar

Muslims

types of measurement (n5)

Bhandari, A. K.

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (n16, n22)

Bihar

bifurcation (loss of Jharkhand, 2000)

butt of jokes

constraints for provision of infrastructure (n1622)

democracy versus low growth, poverty, inequality

divide et impera (welfare schemes) (n1922)

economic duality index t

economic growth (20049) (n23)

economic stagnation

economy predominantly agrarian

education

electric light and minorities

electric light and minorities (results and analysis) (n1314)

electricity consumption

electrification

fertile region

financial dependence upon central government

fiscal deficits/fiscal deterioration

fiscal transfers versus own revenue (20067) t

further research

growth of economy

health status

historical legacies (n79)

house with electric light vis--vis urban population/size of town (2001) f

human development

inequality

infrastructure

investment constraints (n201)

jungle raj

land prices (19982008)

land reform

landownership by caste t

literacy

migrants to Delhi

natural resources: lost to Jharkhand (2000) (n4)

NSDP (n1)

obstacles to reform

overcoming under-development (case study)

per capita GSDP (19802006) t

Plan expenditure and provision

of infrastructure (n1922)

political economy (n16)

political events (20059) t

political stability

population

population (Muslim) t

poverty ratios

public finances weakening

public goods (electricity)

relative income gap with other states (19992006) t

revenue capacity per capita(20067) t

rice yields (19502006) f

rural areas

sectoral composition f

social sector undeveloped (n17)

socio-economic structure

state government (current)

state left behind (n1618)

state revenue

swing voters

trapped as poorest Indian state t

tribal villages

under-development and captured democracy

BIMARU t

birth (health care) t

(n2931)

BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China)

Burgess, R.

caste (n45)

Bihar

land-ownership t

school drop-outs

see also Mahadalit castes

censuses

(1931) n

(1961) (n2)

(1971) (n2)

(1981) n

(1991) n

(2001) n

Central and Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) (n19)

central government

active intervention required

employees

ministries

regulatory intervention

relative powers (versus state governments)

role (economic)

Central Government Health Schemes (CGHS)

Central Plan and Centrally Sponsored Scheme

Chhattisgarh (2000) (n1)

children

Delhi slums (educational disparity)

health

infants

life-cycle

out-of-school: drop-outs (n215)

out-of-school: never attending

out-of-school: probability

over-age pupils (n215)

pre-school age

pupil teacher ratios t

coefficient of variation (CV)

method of calculation (n5)

colonial legacies

regional disparity

communal rioting

consumption (n5)

Lorenz curve

personal data (n4)

convergence theory

beta-convergence () (n6)

sigma-convergence () (n6)

corruption (n3)

credit

rural poor

decentralization

Delhi (n1)

embroidery homeworkers (attempt to organize)

school education (structure) (n4)

slum population

Demirg-Kunt, A.

democracy

demography

development strategies

asymmetric federalism and regional disparities

backward states

interstate disparities widening

national

sector selectivity versus region selectivity

sector-specific, region-neutral

Disparity

income

inter-state and intra/state ;

see also intrastate disparities

economic duality (Bihar and India) t

literature

economic growth

correlation coefficient (industry versus agriculture)

empiricism

failure to promote (Bihar)

impact of financial development

infrastructure and (n713)

infrastructure and interstate disparity

interstate disparity

jobless

literature (interstate disparities)

low

market-led

national strategy

non-agricultural

post-independence era

pro-poor

relationship with financial development

relationship with financial inclusion

sustainable

economic liberalization

education

disparity (Delhi slum children)

elementary

household decision-making

literature

percentage attending school

primary (elementary)

primary (universalization)

private

privatization

public versus private provision

secondary

electricity

state-wise infrastructure provision (n1013)

transmission and distribution (T&D) loss (n11)

electricity consumption

per capita (n10)

validity as proxy for infrastructure endowments (defended)

Employee State Insurance Scheme (ESIS)

employment (n4)

challenges

inclusive sustained

non-agricultural (n8)

public sector

state and central services

urban

Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI, London, 1998)

extremely backward classes (EBCs) (n5)

federalism

asymmetric

Fifteen-Point Programme for Welfare of Minorities (Gandhi, 1983)

finance, institutional versus

non-institutional (n2)

financial inclusion

definition

explicit policy objective (RBI, 2005)

(n13)

literature

measurement

phase 1 (1980s)

phase 2 (1990s to March 2005)

phase 3 (April 2005)

poverty conditions (n45)

relationship with economic growth and infrastructure development

fiscal federalism

fiscal transfers (n18)

vertical versus horizontal distribution

Five-Year Plans

first

first to fourth

see also Plan expenditure

Five-Year Plan (eleventh, 200712)