CALVIN GOLDSCHEIDER - Rural Migration In Developing Nations : comparative studies of korea, sri lanka, and mali.

Rural Migration in Developing Nations

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edited by Calvin Goldscheider

What is the relationship between migration and rural social structure? How does the selective movement out of rural areas affect the economic and social conditions of migrants, their families, and their places of origin? Addressing these and other questions, the contributors to this book consider rural migration patterns in the context of social change and economic development in three less developed nations: Korea, Sri Lanka, and Mali. Through comparative analysis the authors reveal both the diversity and the cross-national similarities of rural migration, offering theoretical bases for its interpretation and pointing to policy implications for developing areas.

Calvin Goldscheider is affiliated with the Population Studies and Training Center and is adjunct professor of sociology at Brown University. Dr. Goldscheider is the editor of Rural Migrants in Developing Nations: Patterns and Problems of Adjustment (Westview, 1983).

Published in cooperation with The Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University

Comparative Studies of Korea, Sri Lanka, and Mali

edited by Calvin Goldscheider

with contributions by
Dayalal S. D. J. Abeysekera
Jin Ho Choi
Calvin Goldscheider
Robert E. Mazur

and Foreword by
Sidney Goldstein

First published 1984 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
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Copyright 1984 by Taylor & Francis

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Rural migration in developing nations.
(A Westview replica edition)
1. Rural-urban migration--Developing countries. 2. Urban-rural
migration--Developing countries. 3. Developing countries--Rural conditions.
I. Goldscheider, Calvin
HB1955.R87 1984 304.8'09172'4 84-2269

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28635-4(hbk)

Reflecting the major attention given by Brown University's Population Studies and Training Center to problems of population movement and urbanization in developing countries, the Center initiated a Comparative Urbanization Project in 1972-73. Funded by a Ford Foundation Grant to the Center, the first objective was to pursue research on questions associated with urbanization, migration, and development in less developed nations.

The program sponsored a non-credit seminar in which an average of 12 trainees participated each year. This seminar served several purposes. First, its discussions identified research interests common to both the faculty and the student seminar participants. Growing out of the interest in the adjustment of rural-to-urban migrants, the seminar developed a set of core questions and sampling designs for use in field surveys in developing countries. It was expected that a small number of the trainees participating in the seminar would, in fact, undertake such field studies, focusing on the adjustment of migrants to big cities in less developed nations. The studies were intended to give the individual trainee experience in field work and to provide the trainee with data for a dissertation. Moreover, a body of comparative data would be compiled whose analysis would allow better insights into what demographic characteristics distinguish migrants from non-migrants, whether these characteristics affect adjustment in the urban area, and what implications the adjustment process has for the urban areas in which the migrants take up residence.

Under the Ford Foundation Grant, the Center funded four trainees during 1973-1977 to undertake field surveys as the basis for their doctoral dissertations. The field operations, encompassing approximately 750 households in each location, were completed in Seoul, Korea; Surabaya, Indonesia; Bogota, Colombia; and Tehran, Iran. These four projects provided the core studies of the first monograph in this series, Urban Migrants in Developing Nations: Patterns and Problems of Adjustment.

Fuller understanding of the relations between migration and urbanization, however, requires attention to assessing migration from the perspective of the rural origins of migrants to cities, as well as an urban perspective. It is important to gain insights on who out-migrates and why, as well as on who stays; to study the large movement that occurs in many countries between rural places; and to assess the return migration from cities that is a common experience of many rural to urban migrants. Growing out of this recognition, the two field studies initiated during 1977-78 in the Comparative Urbanization Project focused on rural areas. One was conducted in southern Korea with independent support from the Ford-Rockefeller Program; it involved surveys in three rural locations covering the determinants and consequences of urban to rural return migration. The second study, undertaken in Sri Lanka, was an assessment of rural resettlement programs; sample surveys, conducted in both the dry zones of destination and the wet zones of origin, allowed assessment of the adjustment of migrants and the impact which their out-migration had on the place of origin. A third project, utilizing data collected in Mali by the Department of Agricultural Economics at Purdue University under sponsorship of USAID, focused on interrelations between rural socioeconomic structure and migration; particular attention was given to factors affecting labor allocation. Again, each of these studies constituted the investigator's doctoral dissertation. These three rural-focused studies now provide the basis for this second monograph emanating from the Comparative Urbanization Project.