Foreign Policy in Post-Genocide Rwanda
This book examines how Rwandan elites within the government, private sector and civil society perceive the nations political and economic relationship with the international community. Using testimonies and interviews of Rwandan political, military and economic leaders, and bureaucrats, this book examines the intersubjective beliefs that formulate how Rwanda engages with the international community. The book presents and analyses three primary intersubjective themes: historical and possible future abandonment of Rwanda; implementing an ideology of agaciro to promote self-respect, dignity and self-reliance for state security and economic development; and the belief in the governments obligation to promote human security for those who identify as Rwandan. These perceptions help us understand how post-genocide Rwanda engages with the international community in the pursuit of state security, economic development and to prevent a future genocide. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of African politics and international relations as well as the politics of post-genocide states.
Jonathan R. Beloff is a researcher focusing on the foreign and internal politics of the African Great Lakes region.
Contemporary African Politics Series
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12. Foreign Policy in Post-Genocide Rwanda
Elite Perceptions of Global Engagement
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First published 2021
by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2021 Jonathan R. Beloff
The right of Jonathan R. Beloff to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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ISBN: 978-0-367-43645-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-02601-3 (ebk)
Dedicated to the memory of Beverly and Louis Warmbrand
AERG/GEARG | Association of Genocide Student Survivors and Alumni |
AfCFTA | African Continental Free Trade Agreement |
AFDL | Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Zaire |
AGOA | Africa Growth and Opportunity Act |
ALiR | Army for the Liberation of Rwanda |
AN-Imboneza | Arme Nationale-Imboneza |
AU | African Union |
CAR | Central African Republic |
CIIE | Chinese International Import Expo |
CHOGM | Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting |
CNDP | National Congress for the Defence of the People |
COMESA | Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa |
DFID | Department of International Development |
DRC | Democratic Republic of Congo |
EAC | East African Community |
FAR | Rwandan Armed Forces |
FARDC | Armed Forces for the Democratic Republic of Congo |
FDI | foreign direct investment |
FDLR | Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda |
FIB | Foreign Intervention Brigade |
FOCA | Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
GIZ | German Federal Enterprise for International Cooperation |
ICGLR | International Conference on the Great Lakes Region |
ICRC | International Committee of the Red Cross |
ICT | information and communications technology |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
KGM | Kigali Genocide Memorial |
M23 | March 23 Movement |
MFA | Ministries of Foreign Affairs |
MICE | Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions |
MINAFFET | Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation |
MINECOFIN | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
MINIFRA | Ministry of Infrastructure |
MINIREISO | Ministry of Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration |
MINUSCA | United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic |
MINUSTAH | United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti |
MLC | Movement for the Liberation of Congo |
MONUC | United Nations Mission in the DRC |
MONUSCO | United Nations Stabilisation Mission in the DR Congo |
MOU | Memorandum of Understanding |
NGO | non-governmental organisation |
NISS | National Intelligence and Security Service |
NRA | National Resistance Army |
ODA | Overseas Development Assistance |
PRA | Popular Resistance Army |
PSG | Paris Saint-Germain |
RANU | Rwandese Alliance for National Unity |
RCD | Rally for Congolese Democracy |
RDB | Rwanda Development Board |
RDF | Rwanda Defence Force |
RGB | Rwanda Governance Board |
RNC | Rwanda National Congress |
RPA | Rwanda Patriotic Army |
RPF | Rwanda Patriotic Front |
RUD-Urunana | Ralliement pour lUnit et la Dmocratie-Urunana |