ETAs Terrorist Campaign
This book analyses the rise and decline of the Basque terrorist group Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA, Basque Homeland and Freedom). ETA declared a unilateral ceasefire in November 2011, bringing to a close a campaign of political violence that started in the late 1960s. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the overwhelming majority of secession supporters agreed that an independent Basque homeland would be realised through ballots and not bullets.
Providing an inter- disciplinary overview of radical Basque nationalism that pays special attention to the drivers for ETAs decline, defeat and disbandment, this book includes chapters by historians, political scientists and sociologists who offer three important theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on nationhood and security studies. First, the book reassesses the military conflict that opposed ETA and the Spanish state, by paying special attention to tactical and strategic considerations as well as to the counter- terrorist policy itself. Second, it provides an original interpretation of the politics of fear which surrounded the process of victimisation, as well as assessing the extent to which the issue of violence led to the polarisation of citizens. Third, the authors examine the historical narratives and rituals that contributed to the production and reproduction of identity binaries and memories of war.
Arguing that the defeat of ETA must be contextualised within the strategic evolution of Basque nationalism, the declining resonance of the radical message and the effectiveness of the Spanish counter-terrorist effort, this book is essential reading for students and scholars working in the areas of European politics, nationalism and terrorism studies.
Rafael Leonisio is Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Fernando Molina is tenured Research Fellow at the University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Diego Muro is Assistant Professor at the Institut Barcelona dEstudis Internacionals (IBEI), Spain.
Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy
Series editors: Roger Eatwell
University of Bath
and
Matthew Goodwin
University of Kent.
Founding series editors: Roger Eatwell
University of Bath
and
Cas Mudde
University of Antwerp-UFSIA.
This new series encompasses academic studies within the broad fields of extremism and democracy. These topics have traditionally been considered largely in isolation by academics. A key focus of the series, therefore, is the (inter-)relation between extremism and democracy. Works will seek to answer questions such as to what extent extremist groups pose a major threat to democratic parties, or how democracy can respond to extremism without undermining its own democratic credentials.
The books encompass two strands:
Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy includes books with an introductory and broad focus which are aimed at students and teachers. These books will be available in hardback and paperback. Titles include:
Understanding Terrorism in America
From the Klan to al Qaeda
Christopher Hewitt
Fascism and the Extreme Right
Roger Eatwell
Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe
Edited by Cas Mudde
Political Parties and Terrorist Groups (2nd Edition)
Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur and Arie Perliger
The New Extremism in 21st Century Britain
Edited by Roger Eatwell and Matthew Goodwin
New British Fascism
Rise of the British National Party
Matthew Goodwin
The End of Terrorism?
Leonard Weinberg
Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe
From Local to Transnational
Edited by Andrea Mammone, Emmanuel Godin and
Brian Jenkins
Varieties of Right- Wing Extremism in Europe
Edited by Andrea Mammone, Emmanuel Godin and Brian Jenkins
Right-Wing Radicalism Today
Perspectives from Europe and the US
Edited by Sabine von Mering and Timothy Wyman McCarty
Revolt on the Right
Explaining support for the radical right in Britain
Robert Ford and Matthew Goodwin
Routledge Research in Extremism and Democracy offers a forum for innovative new research intended for a more specialist readership. These books will be in hardback only. Titles include:
1 Uncivil Society?
Contentious politics in post- Communist Europe
Edited by Petr Kopecky and Cas Mudde
2 Political Parties and Terrorist Groups
Leonard Weinberg and Ami Pedahzur
3 Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge
Edited by Roger Eatwell and Cas Mudde
4 Confronting Right Wing Extremism and Terrorism in the USA
George Michael
5 Anti-Political Establishment Parties
A comparative analysis
Amir Abedi
6 American Extremism
History, politics and the militia
D. J. Mulloy
7 The Scope of Tolerance
Studies on the costs of free expression and freedom of the press
Raphael Cohen-Almagor
8 Extreme Right Activists in Europe
Through the magnifying glass
Bert Klandermans and Nonna Mayer
9 Ecological Politics and Democratic Theory
Mathew Humphrey
10 Reinventing the Italian Right
Territorial politics, populism and post- Fascism
Carlo Ruzza and Stefano Fella
11 Political Extremes
An investigation into the history of terms and concepts from antiquity to the present
Uwe Backes
12 The Populist Radical Right in Poland
The patriots
Rafal Pankowski
13 Social and Political Thought of Julius Evola
Paul Furlong
14 Radical Left Parties in Europe
Luke March
15 Counterterrorism in Turkey
Policy choices and policy effects toward the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
Mustafa Coar nal
16 Class Politics and the Radical Right
Edited by Jens Rydgren
17 Rethinking the French New Right
Alternatives to modernity
Tamir Bar-On
18 Ending Terrorism in Italy
Anna Bull and Philip Cooke
19 Politics of Eugenics
Productionism, population, and national welfare
Alberto Spektorowski and Liza Saban
20 Democratic Extremism in Theory and Practice
Power to the people
Paul Lucardie
21 Populism in Western Europe
Comparing Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands
Teun Pauwels
22 Extreme Right Parties in Scandinavia
Anders Widfeldt
23 Catholicism and Nationalism
Changing Nature of Party Politics
Madalena Meyer Resende
24 Populists in Power
Daniele Albertazzi and Duncan McDonnell
25 The Politicisation of Migration
Edited by Wouter van der Brug, Gianni DAmato, Joost Berkhout and Didier Ruedin
26 Transforming the transformation?
The East European Radical Right in the Political Process
Edited by Michael Minkenberg
27 The Populist Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe
Ideology, Impact and Electoral Performance
Andrea L. P. Pirro
28 Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe
Mainstream Party Competition and Electoral Fortune
Bartek Pytlas
29 Ideocracies in Comparison
Legitimation Co- optation Repression
