Pami Aalto - Constructing Post-Soviet Geopolitics in Estonia

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Constructing Post-Soviet
Geopolitics in Estonia

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CONSTRUCTING POST-SOVIET GEOPOLITICS IN ESTONIA

PAMI AALTO

University of Tampere

First published in 2003 in Great Britain by

Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

www.routledge.com

Copyright 2003 Pami Aalto

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Aalto

Constructing post-Soviet geopolitics in Estonia. (Routledge studies in geopolitics 1. Geopolitics Estonia 2. Estonia Politics and government 1991

I. Title

320.1209479809049

ISBN10: 0-7146-5425-6 (hbk)

ISBN10: 0-7146-8349-3 (pbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-7146-5425-6 (hbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-7146-8349-2 (pbk)

ISSN 1466-7940

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

aalto, Pami, 1972

Constructing post-Soviet geopolitics in Estonia/Pami aalto.

p. cm. (Cass series, studies in geopolitics no. 5, ISSN 1466-7940)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-7146-5425-6 (cloth) ISBN 0-7146-8349-3 (pbk.)

1. GeopoliticsEstonia. 2. Estonia Politics and government 1991

3. Estonia Foreign relations 1991 I. Title. II Series.

DK503.83.A14 2003

327.4798009 049-dc21

2003043406

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book.

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent

FIGURES

:	Estonia in 192040 and 1991present
:	Construction of geopolitical discourses in the post-Soviet space
:	Forced Q-sorting grid

TABLES

:	Concourse of practical geopolitical reasoning in post-Soviet Estonia
:	Q sample of practical geopolitical reasoning in post-Soviet Estonia (n = 57)
:	Participants of the Q-sorting experiments (N = 24)
:	Participants and factor loadings
:	Factor scores (idealised Q sorts)
:	Discourse I on international politics and Russia
:	Discourse I on EU and NATO membership
:	Discourse II on interethnic relations
:	Discourse III on external relations
:	Discourse III on Russia
:	Discourse III on Russia (continuation)
:	Discourse III on NATO
:	Discourse IV on interethnic issues
:	Correlations between discourses
:	The Baltic states foreign trade with the CIS and the EU
:	Estonias foreign trade with Latvia and Lithuania

Map

Constructing Post-Soviet Geopolitics in Estonia is devoted to an important and challenging subject construction of political space in Estonia and its impact as well as relationship to the broader context of post-Soviet geopolitics in the Baltic region. Pami Aalto has been able to produce a powerful and innovative account uncovering several important aspects of the research subject, which have been relatively neglected in an otherwise huge body of literature on post-Soviet Estonia. In this capacity, the book is of great interest not only to experts in the field of International Relations/Political Science, but also to the general reader interested in the Baltic region.

An important innovative aspect of the book consists in the focus on the subjective aspect of political space. The author uses Q methodology to trace down major geopolitical discourses in Estonia and to find competing patterns of geopolitical reasoning as well as to relate the issue to the possibilities of peaceful developments in the region at large. Applying his heuristic model, the author offers an interesting exploration of how boundaries between the internal and external aspects of Estonias state sovereignty have been created, why the ethnic Estonians came to embrace restorationist geopolitics in the early 1990s and why there has been considerable resistance to it since the mid-1990s.

The main conceptual lines of the book concern externalinternal boundary construction as well as linkage between security and identity issues in Estonia. According to the author, these two issues form pivotal puzzles in the post-Soviet geopolitics. His analyses of the puzzles captures important aspects of the politics taking place within and between different actors in the postSoviet space. For example, it is shown how a particular type of usthem distinction creates an entrapment perception among ethnic Estonians.

The normative base of the book derives from the idea of working for peaceful development in the region. The author predicts that Estonian foreign policy thinking has a potential for change in the not so distant future, because there are conflicting logics operating in geopolitical reasoning and Realpolitik. It can also be said, regarding the approach to Estonias internal geopolitical boundaries, that the important and positive developments of recent years are very much due to the contribution of academics. It is not impossible that the same pattern will be followed in foreign policy thinking. Scholarly works such as Pami Aaltos can be regarded as an important contribution to this direction.

Raivo Vetik
Director; Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn

Some of the research that appears in this book benefits from the criticism I have had from submitting work for publication. The third section of also benefit from my Post-Soviet Ethnic Conflicts and the Level of Everyday Life, Finnish Review of East European Studies, 4, 3 (1997), pp. 827, and Post-Soviet Geopolitics and the Politics of Identity in Democratic Consolidation: The Case of Estonia, in D. Berg-Schlosser and R. Vetik (eds),

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