Kathleen Gleeson - Australias War on Terror Discourse

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AUSTRALIAS WAR ON TERROR DISCOURSE

Dedicated to the memory of Hannah Taylor

Australias war on terror Discourse

KATHLEEN GLEESON

First published 2014 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Kathleen Gleeson 2014

Kathleen Gleeson has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:

Gleeson, Kathleen.

Australias war on terror discourse / by Kathleen Gleeson.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4724-1985-9 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-4724-1986-6 (ebook) ISBN 978-1-

4724-1987-3 (epub) 1. Terrorism--Prevention--Government policyAustralia. 2. War on

Terrorism, 2001-2009Political aspectsAustralia. 3. AustraliaForeign relations21st

century. I. Title.

HV6433.A8G54 2014

363.325160994dc23

2013044000

ISBN: 978-1-472-41985-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-56840-9 (ebk)

Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

Tables

Preface

Many people were instrumental in the creation of this book; the following is a non-exhaustive list. Foremost, Anthony Burke who has been an invaluable source of support and encouragement; my cousin Matt McDonald, who provided the inspiration for this research and has unfailingly offered feedback throughout the project, often at short notice.

A number of friends were very supportive throughout the writing of this book. In particular Robert Mackie, a friend but also something of a mentor, who has in recent years been singularly responsible for my love of politics and my tendency to think critically. I am especially indebted to him for introducing me to the works of Foucault a great act of academic gallantry given his own reservations about Foucaults thought. I look forward to many more years of robust philosophical discussion with him. To Marea Mitchell, Peter Searle and Michael Howard who have all been crucial members of my cheer squad and the source of great intellectual stimulation and encouragement; and of course my work companions who have endured my absence and occasional absent-mindedness while Ive worked on the manuscript.

Finally to my loving family: to my parents for instilling in me a sense of social justice and a thirst for knowledge; to my siblings for offering support and laughter; and most of all my biggest champion, my husband and my best friend Chris.

List of Abbreviations

ANZAC	Australia and New Zealand Army Corps
ANZUS	Australian, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty
ASIO	Australian Security and Intelligence Organisation
ATB#205	Anti-Terrorism Bill (No.2) 2005
CDA	Critical Discourse Analysis
CIA	Central Intelligence Agency
DoD	(United States) Department of Defence
FBI	Federal Bureau of Investigation
LLOFA	Lets look out for Australia package
NSPIC	National Security Public Information Campaign
PNAC	Project for the New American Century
SEATO	South East Asia Treaty Organisation
SLS	Surf Life Saving Australia
TAWOL	The Australian Way Of Life
WMD	Weapons of Mass Destruction

Introduction

The principle objective I had was to build a narrative about the Australian achievement that was positive. That was my objective You achieve that by the language you use, how you react to particular events, the emphasis you place on the history of the country, the emphasis you place on symbols. You achieve it by using the bully pulpit, if you like, of the Prime Ministership to talk about the Australian achievement. And it can have an influence.

John Howard, 2009

This is the story of Australia and the war on terror. In this context war on terror does not exactly refer to the US-led military campaign against international terrorism: the War on Terrorism, but rather the system of knowledge and practice that has informed Australias involvement in this military campaign, and the lens through which terrorism and counter-terrorism have come to be understood in Australia. So to be more specific this is the story of the war on terror discourse in Australia.

In a broader sense, this is an exploration of how politicians in representative democracies justify their policy decisions; how much autonomy they actually have in formulating these decisions; and how much room there is for change once policies are in place. What the analysis shows is that policies are legitimated and justified through the construction of discourse; that politicians do exercise agency in making policy choices, but that they are constrained by a range of factors; and that even in the most one-sided relationships of power, the most dominant or hegemonic discourses, resistance and change is always possible.

This is the first detailed examination of the construction of the war on terror discourse in Australia. Existing research has explored the discourses construction overseas, and has covered aspects of the discourse in Australia. But this analysis provides the story of the discourse in its entirety; its architecture and architects, its nature and characteristics, its strengths and weaknesses, its champions and detractors, and its effects.

Telling this story is important for a range of reasons. First, a lot is at stake in Australias war on terror. Human lives have been lost as a result of wars fought in Afghanistan and Iraq under the auspice of the war on terror and through the continued prevalence of terrorist activity, considered and transparent decision making has been sacrificed, community cohesion has been undermined, civil and human rights have been compromised by new legislative measures, the the language and narrative that emerged after 2001 in order to legitimate an Australian military contribution to the Global War On Terrorism still permeates public discussion on terrorism and security more broadly. This means that barriers remain to thinking about how to deal with terrorism in innovative, effective and ultimately peaceful and lasting ways.

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