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Australia's War, 1914-18

Australia's War, 1914-18

edited byJoanBeaumont

First published 1995 by Allen & Unwin

Published 2020 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Introduction, Joan Beaumont, 1995
Copyright Individual authors for their chapters, 1995

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

National Library of Australia
Cataloguing-in-Publication entry:
Australia's war, 1914-1918.
Includes index.
ISBN 1 86373 461 9.
1. World War, 1914-1918Australia.
I. Beaumont, Joan.
940.40994

Cover photograph with kind permission from the Australian War Memorial (negative no. E1223). Cover background image with kind permission from the Imperial War Museum, London.

Index compiled by Robert Hyslop
Set in 10/11 Times by DOCUPRO, Sydney

ISBN-13: 9781863734615 (pbk)

Contents

Guide

Tables

Figures

This book arose out of our experience of teaching the history of Australia during the First World War at Deakin University. This revealed the need for a study in one volume of the various aspects of Australia's involvement in that conflict: where Australians fought and why; the impact of the war on domestic politics, society and economy; the changes wrought in Australia's place in and attitudes towards the world; and the evolution of that potent element of national mythology, the Anzac legend.

Many people at Deakin contributed to the development of this book: especially, Frances Baensch, Ian Fox, Alison Littler, Anthony Lynch and Penny Williams. Colleagues throughout Australia read drafts and offered encouragement and advice: Peter Edwards, Ray mond Evans, Jeffrey Grey, Roy Hay, Ken Inglis, John McQuilton, Judith Smart, and Garry Woodard. Finally, we owe thanks to our long-suffering families, especially our children, Diana, Caroline and Julia Beaumont; Sonia and Nadine Maclean; and Robin and Leigh Vial.

• AIF Australian Imperial Force
• AWNL Australian Women's National League
• AWM Australian War Memorial
• AWSC Australian Women's Services Corps
• BHP Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd
• GDP Gross Domestic Product
• CHG Collins House Group
• CSL Commonwealth Shipping Line
• GNE Gross National Expenditure
• IWW Industrial Workers of the World
• OBU One Big Union
• SIP Sisterhood for International Peace
• WCTU Women's Christian Temperance Union
• WPA Women's Peace Army
• BHAS Broken Hill Associated Smelters

Joan Beaumont is a Reader in History in the School of Australian and International Studies, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University. She is the author of Gull Force: Survival and Leadership in Captivity, 1941-45 (Allen & Unwin, 1988, 1990), Comrades in Arms, British Aid to Russia, 1941-45 (Davis-Poynter, 1980) as well as articles on various aspects of the British and Australian experience of the Second World War and the treatment of prisoners of war.

Marnie Haig-Muir is a Lecturer in Social and Economic History and Development Studies in the School of Australian and Interna tional Studies, Deakin University. Her doctoral thesis was entitled 'Crisis in Clio's Family: A Study of the DiscipHne of Australian Economic History, 1918-65'. Her publications include 'Percy Gerald Stewart' in Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 12, and 'Economic History: A Client?' Working Papers in Economic History, no. 148, ANU, 1991.

David Lowe is Lecturer at the Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, London, on leave from the School of Australian and International Studies, Deakin University. His 1990 doctoral thesis was entitled 'Australia, South-East Asia and the Cold War, 1948-54'. He is currently working on a biography of Percy Spender, the former Australian Minister for External Affairs.

Pam Maclean is a Lecturer in History in the School of Australian and International Studies, Deakin University. Her research interests include German-Jewish relations during the First World War and Australian-Jewish history. She has published articles in the above areas, on Australian refugee policy and in women's studies.

1914

28 July	Austria declares war on Serbia.
29 July	Dominion governments advised by London that war is imminent.
31 July	Labor leader Andrew Fisher declares at Colac that Australians will defend Britain to our last man and our last shilling.
3 August	Australian Government offers to place the vessels of the Royal Australian Navy under the control of the Admiralty and to raise a force of 20 000 troops in event of war.
4 August	Britain declares war on Germany.
6 August	British Government accepts Australian offer of troops.
4 August	Royal Commission on food supply appointed. Membership: Alfred Deakin, Dugald Thomson and George Knibbs.
23 August	Japan enters the war on the side of the Allies.
30 August	New Zealand forces seize Samoa.
5 September	Labor Party wins federal general election. Andrew Fisher becomes prime minister.
11-17 September	Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force captures German New Guinea.
28-29 October	War Precautions Act passed.
29 October	Turkey enters war on the side of the Central Powers.
1 November	First contingent of the First AIF leaves Australia.
9 November	HMAS Sydney engages the German light cruiser Emden and causes it to ran aground near the Cocos Islands.
3 December	First AIF arrives in Egypt.

1915

3 February	Turkish attack on Suez Canal repelled.
9 March	Blast furnace blown-in at new BMP steelworks, Newcastle.
25 April	Landings on the Gallipoli peninsula.
7 May	Cunard liner the Lusitania sinks off the Irish coast after being torpedoed without warning by a German submarine. More than 1400 people, including US citizens, drown.
8 May	Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's account of the Gallipoli landing published in Australia.
18 May	The commander of the First AIF, Major General Sir William Bridges, dies of wounds inflicted at Anzac Cove on 15 May.

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