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Copyright 2021, Noor Dahri
ISBN: 978-93-90439-84-3 (Paperback)
ISBN: 978-93-90439-92-8 (ebook)
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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Application for such permission should be addressed to the publisher.
The views expressed in this book are of the author in his personal capacity.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank sincerely the participating authors for their research and rich contributions that undoubtably make this a more authoritative volume.
My greatest thanks to my family, who understood and supported me throughout the entire process; and in particular, my wife, Farah, and my children Barirah and Bayyinah, who had to give up a great deal of quality time with their father while this book was being written.
My especial appreciation to my best friend Musa Khan Jalalzai for his unwavering support and help in editing and publishing this book. I also truly admire Kurdistan based journalist Wladimir Wilgenburg for his help in understanding the Kurdish culture as well as the atrocities against Kurds.
I dedicate this book to the victims of Iraqi, Syrian and Turkish war crimes, who sacrificed their lives for freedom and peace in the region. The Kurdish community deserve my salute who fight for their independent state as well as for their identity for centuries.
Introduction
Human rights violations in Turkey have been widely reported in print and electronic media across the globe to expose the so-called Amerul Momineen of Ottoman Empire Recep Tayyip Erdogan. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet noted in a statement that human rights situation in parts of northern Syria under the control of Turkish forces and Turkish-affiliated armed groups was grim, with violence and criminality rife UN Human Rights office warned that an alarming pattern of grave violations in these areas, including in Afrin, Ras al-Ain, and Tel Abyad, where increased killings, kidnappings, unlawful transfers of people, seizures of land and properties and forcible evictions have been documented.
President of Genocide Watch, Dr. Gregory H. Stanton, (October 08, 2019) warned that Kurds, Christians, and Yezidis in Northeast Syria are at grave risk of genocide by the armies of Turkey and Syria: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has announced his intention to create a twenty-mile buffer zone in northeastern Syria, an area now controlled by the Kurdish and Arab Syrian Democratic Forces. He has conducted a diplomatic offensive to get promises of non-interference from Russia, Iran, and the US for his invasion of Syria. Turkey has already stationed tens of thousands of troops, tanks, and heavy artillery along the Syrian border. When President Trump announced that US troops would withdraw from Syria in 2018, he did so after a call from Erdogan. That announcement was met by a bipartisan Senate resolution against US abandonment of Americas Kurdish allies in northeastern Syria. 1000 US troops remain there. After another call with Erdogan in October 2019, President Trump has again announced a US pull-out from northeast Syria. Both Republican and Democratic leaders remain opposed to US withdrawal. Turkey began its invasion of Syrian Kurdish territory on January 20, 2018 when the Turkish Army launched cross-border military operations into Afrin in northwestern Syria with the code name Operation Olive Branch, The mission aimed to oust Syrian Kurdish Peoples Protection Units (or YPG) from the district of Afrin.
In September 2020, Turkey and Azerbaijan invaded Nagorno-Karabagh to punish the Christian dominated country. The war was stopped by Russia through an agreement that order Armenia to relinquish control of Artsakh to Azerbaijan by December 01, 2020. Jihadists from Turkey killed innocent people and set to fire burned villages, forests, and churches. Analyst Uzay Bulut Azeri, (Turkish War Crimes against Armenians Must Not Go Unpunished, November 13, 2020) in his article noted: The war launched by Azerbaijan and Turkey against the Armenian Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) in the South Caucuses on September 27 has been halted through an agreement, which was brokered by Russia and imposed on Armenia. Based on the circulating agreement, Armenians must relinquish most of their homeland in Artsakh to Azerbaijan by December 1, forcing any Armenians living in those regions to depart before that date. During their indiscriminate shelling of Artsakh, the aggressors Azerbaijan, and Turkey, accompanied by Syrian jihadist forces have committed many war crimes against Armenians. They have murdered civilians and injured journalists. They have burned villages, forests, and churches. They have tortured and beheaded Armenians, and executed prisoners. Relationship between Turkey and the ISIS was fortified after President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared supporting the Muslim Brotherhood. Lt. Col. (res.) (Dr. Mordechai Kedar, Turkeys Relationship with ISIS Proves It is deserting its European Allies, BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 1,772, October 11, 2020) in his paper highlighted relationship between Turkey and the ISIS and Muslim Brotherhood in Syria and Egypt:
2014 marked the year when ISIS became a very real threat to the Middle East. Within one year, the group managed to take over a third of Iraq and half of Syria, with 200,000 fighters under its control. ISIS quickly became successful at producing oil and selling it as an important source of income. It also managed to ensure a constant supply of weapons, ammunition, vehicles, and advanced communication devices. The ability of ISIS to become a functioning state so quickly is largely due to its relationship with President Erdogan in Turkey. ISIS has had strong connections to Turkey over the years, whether through its oil industry or through its willingness to shield wanted members of the Muslim Brotherhood. This neighbourly relationship was essential to ISISs success, and it continues to be reflected in Turkish decision making. Turkey has been ruled by Erdogan since 2002. He is a vocal supporter of the Muslim Brotherhood, a movement that seeks to establish a worldwide Islamic caliphate that applies Islamic sharia law. The Muslim Brotherhood has been linked to many fundamental Islamist organisations. Not only did President Erdogan never launch any counterterror operations to disrupt ISISs networks or recruitment activities, but he provided it with assistance. Turkish contributions to the flourishing of ISIS were most apparent in these areas: In 2014, it was reported that ISIS had taken over oil fields in Iraq and Syria and produced large quantities of crude oil to sell, consolidating its grip on oil supplies in the region. They are thought to have transported the oil to Turkey in tankers, whereupon Turkey sold the oil to other countries as if it were from Iraq and Syria and shared some of the proceeds with ISIS. These oil exports were stopped in December 2015 following a Russian bombing of the tankers, but not before ISIS had received millions from oil exports through Turkey. It seems pertinent to mention that Erdogans family was personally involved in the oil business with ISIS. Volunteers Thousands of Muslim volunteers who identified with the goals and methods of ISIS went to the Islamic State from Muslim countries, Europe, America, Africa, Australia, and even Israel.
