Robert Wade - Irrigation and Agricultural Politics in South Korea

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Irrigation and Agricultural Politics in South Korea

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About the Book and Author

Irrigation and Agricultural Politics in South Korea

Robert Wade

Studies of the role of irrigation in agricultural development generally focus on the amount of land under irrigation, the cost of irrigation, the physical structures for irrigation, etc. In this book the author takes a different perspective, examining how state and local institutions that manage water conveyance and drainage actually function. He thus reveals a great deal about the relationships and power struggles that exist between government and the people and between central and local authorities.

The case used in this study is South Korea, a developing country experiencing a consistent, rapid increase in its GNP and one of the few that has chosen the capitalist, rather than socialist, route to development. By examining the ongoing debate about the superiority of one or the other ideology in the development efforts of LDCs, the author links the specific issues of irrigation management to the larger issues of the role of the state in South Korean development. How does the central government control the countryside, and how do local agents and country dwellers react to attempts at control? Dr. Wade concludes that the authoritarian and pervasively interventionist nature of its government has contributed to South Korea's successful approach to economic development.

Robert Wade has been a fellow of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, since 1972. He has published articles on a variety of topics in rural development, including administrative and political aspects of irrigation in India, South Korea, and Italy.

Irrigation and Agricultural Politics in South Korea

RobertWade

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First published 1982 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2021 by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1982 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 81-19704
ISBN: 0-86531-264-8

ISBN 13: 978-0-3670-1888-7 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-3671-6875-9 (pbk)
DOI: 10.4324/9780429048746

To Susan Joekes, companion-in-arms; for my parents, Hunter and Avelda Wade; and with respect to Frank Holmes, Professor of Economics, who taught that the political and social often dominate the economic.

Contents

1. 2 SOUTH KOREAN AGRICULTURE, ADMINISTRATION AND IRRIGATION
   1. Climate and Soils
   2. Cropping and Settlement
   3. Land, Labour and Technology
   4. Food Output and Consumption
   5. Government Policies
   6. Rural Living Levels
   7. Administrative Structure
   8. Irrigation
   9. Irrigation Organisation
2. 3 SY FARMLAND IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
   1. The Area and the Irrigation System
   2. SY FLIA's Organisation
   3. The Budget
   4. Assessment of Water Charges
   5. The Irrigation Problem
3. 4 THE ORGANISATION OF MAIN FUNCTIONS
   1. Structures for Water Delivery and Drainage
   2. Cropping Calendar
   3. Rules and Roles of Water Delivery
   4. Operational Information
   5. Water Supply
   6. Supplying Water in the Drought of 1978
   7. The Substitutes for Improved Management
   8. Agricultural Extension
   9. Maintenance
   10. Training
   11. Conclusion
4. 5 THE FARMERS AND THE SYSTEM
   1. The Reality of Hueng Nong Gye
   2. The Hueng Nong Gye Leader
   3. Farmers' Access
   4. Accountability: Water Charge Collection
   5. Other Competitions
   6. Accountability: New Community Movement
   7. Other means of Accountability
   8. Why do the Farmers Not Have a Bigger Role?
   9. Conclusion
5. 6 SY FLIA AS GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY AND SOCIAL GROUP
   1. Terms and Conditions of Employment
   2. Staff Assessment
   3. Formalisation
   4. Work, Leisure and Community
   5. Conclusion
6. 7 IRRIGATION REFORM AND THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IRRIGATION ORGANISATION
   1. New Community Movement Reform
   2. The Proposed FLIA Reform
   3. FLIA Staff's Reaction to the Reform
   4. Comparison with Taiwan
7. 8 STATE CONTROL AND INTERPRETATIONS OF SOUTH KOREAN DEVELOPMENT
   1. South Korea in the Development Debate
   2. The Limitations of the Neo-Classical Interpretation
   3. Leadership Commitment to Growth
   4. 'One Capital'
   5. 'One Farm'
   6. The Political Regime
   7. The Operation of Bureaucratic Hierarchies
   8. The Future of the Directive State

1. 2 SOUTH KOREAN AGRICULTURE, ADMINISTRATION AND IRRIGATION
   1. Climate and Soils
   2. Cropping and Settlement
   3. Land, Labour and Technology
   4. Food Output and Consumption
   5. Government Policies
   6. Rural Living Levels
   7. Administrative Structure
   8. Irrigation
   9. Irrigation Organisation
2. 3 SY FARMLAND IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
   1. The Area and the Irrigation System
   2. SY FLIA's Organisation
   3. The Budget
   4. Assessment of Water Charges
   5. The Irrigation Problem
3. 4 THE ORGANISATION OF MAIN FUNCTIONS
   1. Structures for Water Delivery and Drainage
   2. Cropping Calendar
   3. Rules and Roles of Water Delivery
   4. Operational Information
   5. Water Supply
   6. Supplying Water in the Drought of 1978
   7. The Substitutes for Improved Management
   8. Agricultural Extension
   9. Maintenance
   10. Training
   11. Conclusion
4. 5 THE FARMERS AND THE SYSTEM
   1. The Reality of Hueng Nong Gye
   2. The Hueng Nong Gye Leader
   3. Farmers' Access
   4. Accountability: Water Charge Collection
   5. Other Competitions
   6. Accountability: New Community Movement
   7. Other means of Accountability
   8. Why do the Farmers Not Have a Bigger Role?
   9. Conclusion
5. 6 SY FLIA AS GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY AND SOCIAL GROUP
   1. Terms and Conditions of Employment
   2. Staff Assessment
   3. Formalisation
   4. Work, Leisure and Community
   5. Conclusion
6. 7 IRRIGATION REFORM AND THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IRRIGATION ORGANISATION
   1. New Community Movement Reform
   2. The Proposed FLIA Reform
   3. FLIA Staff's Reaction to the Reform
   4. Comparison with Taiwan
7. 8 STATE CONTROL AND INTERPRETATIONS OF SOUTH KOREAN DEVELOPMENT
   1. South Korea in the Development Debate
   2. The Limitations of the Neo-Classical Interpretation
   3. Leadership Commitment to Growth
   4. 'One Capital'
   5. 'One Farm'
   6. The Political Regime
   7. The Operation of Bureaucratic Hierarchies
   8. The Future of the Directive State

1. xvi
2. xvii

Guide

Tables and Figures

1. Table
   1. 3.1 SY FLIA Staff
   2. 3.2 SY FLIA Number of Staff by Grade, and whether Administrator or Technician

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