Dan Haendel - The Process of Priority Formulation: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The Process of Priority Formulation

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The Process of Priority Formulation: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Dan Haendel

How are foreign policy objectives and priorities formulated by decision makers in the U.S. government? Dan Haendel answers this question by examining the decision-making process during the Indo-Pakistani War, focusing on the behavior of government institutions and individuals as they attempted to cope with the events of 1971. After a discussion of post-World War II U.S. foreign policy in South Asia, the area's importance to the United States during the Cold War, and the internal crisis in Pakistan leading up to its war with India, the author considers the U.S. government's response to the Indo-Pakistani clash. He discusses the organizational structure for the conduct of U.S. foreign policy, the relative importance of the various governmental decision-making units, and the impact of an individual such as Kissinger within the organization. Using, as his basic source, information gathered in interviews with the participants, he provides an account of deliberations with the U.S. government.

This work introduces to the field of foreign policy analysis the concept of priority formulation, Examining the argument that a decision maker establishes a subjective and personal scale, the author points out that beliefs and values are likely to determine the approach used by the decision maker in coping with complex stimuli and in structuring problems.

Dan Haendel, a captain in the U.S. Army, is an assistant staff judge advocate at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. He received J.D. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania, and was previously a research associate at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and a member of the editorial research staff of Orbis.

U.S. Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Dan Haendel

First published 1977 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2019 by Routledge
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Copyright 1977 by Dan Haendel

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Haendel, Dan, 1950
The process of priority formulation.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. India-Pakistan Conflict, 1971--United States. 2. United States--Foreign relations--1969-1974. 3. United States--Foreign relations--Administration. I. Title.
DS 388.H28 353.008'92 77-21372

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29538-7 hbk)

A dissertation is made up of chapters. Numerous paragraphs strung together make up a chapter. A paragraph is nothing more than a combination of sentences while a sentence is merely a few properly ordered words. Accordingly, a dissertation should be quite easy to put together, but as many who have had the misfortune to be processed through this ritual would attest, the task is substantially more difficult to accomplish. Teachers, colleagues, and friends, however, have made the experience more rewarding and enjoyable than it otherwise would have been.

First, I am indebted to the members of my PhD. defense committee. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, Professor Norman D. Palmer whose justified reputation as a scholar and gentleman needs no elaboration. Professor Palmer was also my supervisor in my first University of Pennsylvania teaching assignment in U.S. foreign policy and his encouragement was invaluable. Professor Donald Smith stimulated my interest in South Asia and suggested that I pursue the subject matter of this dissertation. His genuine concern and warmth as a fine human being are appreciated by his students. Dr. William Quandt served as a "secondary supervisor." He took time out from his busy schedule to read over previous drafts of this dissertation and comment extensively on them. His insight and organizational ability have taught me much and his help was far greater than would normally be expected from a member of a Phil defense committee. Dr. Quandt, I thank you. Last, but by no means least, I would like to thank Ambassador William R. Kintner. Ambassador Kintner has been my teacher at the University of Pennsylvania and "Honorable Boss" at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. He has tolerated my idiosyncratic behavior ranging from tennis equipment and general disorderliness in the office to late night working hours.

Second, I am deeply indebted to the numerous U.S. Government officials who granted me interviews. They provided me with invaluable insight and information. Most of the interviews were conducted in March and May 1975. Because of the sensitivity of the subject matter, individuals interviewed were assuyed anonymity. Accordingly, they are footnoted in a fashion that does not allow for identification. As agreed with these individuals, only members of ray defense committee had access to the identification of those officials who were interviewed.