Georgia Levenson Keohane - Social Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century: Innovation Across the Nonprofit, Private, and Public Sectors: Innovation Across the Nonprofit, Private, and Public Sectors

Copyright 2013 by Georgia Levenson Keohane. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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To my family

I
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE NONPROFIT SECTOR

II
SOCIAL IMPACT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

III
SOCIAL INNOVATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

IV
ROOM FOR DEBATE

T his book owes its existence to many co-conspirators. I begin with Stephanie Frerich, the talented and patient McGraw-Hill editor who convinced me one wintry day in midtown that there was a there there to this project. Stephanie, I hope you still believe this is true! Thank you for all the boosts and prodding amidst my doubts and (missed) deadlines.

This work would not have been possible without the intellectual, moral, and financial support of the Roosevelt Institute, where I have found an inspiring community of colleagues and a home to think, write, and learn. Thank you to all the Fellows of the Four Freedoms Center, whose insights, camaraderie, and convictions I have drawn on in so many different ways. In particular, thanks to Ellen Chesler, for introducing me to Roosevelt and for her unflagging encouragement throughout the writing process and to Mark Schmitt, Jeff Madrick, Jonathan Soros, and Bo Cutter, who helped me to understand how social entrepreneurship fits into a larger public policy context. I owe a special debt to Bryce Covert for her editorial assistance. And I am delighted for the chance to work more closely with Roosevelts visionary and spirited new CEO, Felicia Wong, an important twenty-first-century social entrepreneur in her own right. Finally, I am grateful to Anne Roosevelt for our conversations about the ways in which firms can and must engage as productive and responsible citizens in societyin the business of a more shared prosperityand for her wisdom and guidance about how this work helps fulfill the living legacy of her grandparents, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Although this book is my first, it has been a long time in coming and bears the fingerprints of professional mentors who have shown me how one can make a career of thinking and doing: thank you to Mort Abramowitz, for opening the wide world to me at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; to Josh Gotbaum, for his insistence at the September 11th Fund and always that head and heart matter in (mostly) equal parts; and to Bill Meehan, who, from my first McKinsey days, has been a wonderful collaborator and mentor.

My formal study of social entrepreneurship began, in various ways, with Paul Kennedy, Allen Grossman, Jim Austin, and William Julius Wilson, and has continued under the tutelage of some of the fields finest practitioners: Muhammad Yunus, Bill Drayton, Jose Velilla, Jessica Sager, and Aaron Lieberman. I greatly value the conversations I have had with Alan Khazei, Matt Klein, Tracy Palandjian, Audrey Choi, Kristin Morse, and Veronica White, among many others, who have helped me to appreciate how social entrepreneurship works in practice, across the nonprofit, private, and public sectors, and the spaces in between. Special thanks to four colleagues and friends: Kim Starkey Jonker, Phil Buchanan, Suzanne Immerman, and Alan Jones, for their smarts and expertise, humor, and forbearance with this book and all my other schemes.

Of course good policy analysis relies on even better fundamentals, and I have been so fortunate, from a young age, for an extraordinary education. Thank you to the many brilliant and imperturbable teachers who have taught me how to consider, scrutinize, question, and listenskills that are very much still a work in progress.

This book is dedicated to my family. I am the luckiest person in the world for mine. To Nat, my best friend since we were nineteen, for his shared passion for policy, intellectual rigor, wit, and love; to my in-laws, Nan and Bob Keohane, for all the support they have given Nat, our girls, and me in this and all our endeavors; to my parents, Isabella and Conrad Levensonsocial entrepreneurs before it was named or voguefor their deep and abiding personal and professional commitments to equity and justice, and to making the world a better place; to my mom especially, whose example of dedication and hard work is both an impossible and inspiring standard; and to Frances and Eleanor, for believing in me and for all the good they will do in the years to come.