Thomas Garavan - Learning & Development in Organisations: Strategy, Evidence and Practice

LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT IN ORGANISATIONS

Strategy, Evidence and Practice

Thomas Garavan, Carole Hogan, Amanda Cahir-ODonnell & Claire Gubbins

Published by Oak Tree Press, Cork, Ireland

www.oaktreepress.com / www.SuccessStore.com

2020 Thomas Garavan, Carole Hogan, Amanda Cahir-ODonnell, Claire Gubbins

A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978 1 78119 429 4 (hardback)

ISBN 978 1 78119 431 7 (ePub)

ISBN 978 1 78119 432 4 (Kindle)

ISBN 978 1 78119 433 1 (PDF)

Cover image: Preechar Bowonkitwanchai / 123rf.com

Cover design: Kieran OConnor Design

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording or electronically without written permission of the publisher. Such written permission also must be obtained before any part of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature. Requests for permission should be directed to Oak Tree Press, .

FIGURES

TABLES

ABBREVIATIONS

AC abstract conceptualisation

ACT Adaptive Character of Thought model

ADDIE Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model

AE active experimentation

AHRD Academy of Human Resource Development

AI artificial intelligence

AMO ability-motivation-opportunity

AO Advanced Operations division (Stryker)

API application programming interface

AR augmented reality

ATI aptitude-treatment interaction

BCR benefit cost ratio

BMT behaviour modelling training

BPO business process outsourcing

BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, and China

CAD computer aided design

CAM computer aided manufacturing

CE concrete experience

CEO chief executive officer

CIPD Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development

CITI Citigroup Inc.

CLO chief learning officer

CMS course management system

COMA Cognitive, Organisational Environment, Motivation, Attitudes model

COOC corporate open online course

CoP community of practice

CPD continuous professional development

CSR corporate social responsibility

CSS cascading style sheet

DOT Development Opportunity Tool (Intel)

EESS economic, environmental and social sustainability

EPSS eLearning performance support system

ERPG ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric and geocentric

G2G Googler-to-Googler (Google)

GDM Global Delivery Model (Infosys)

HCN home country national

HPWP high performance work practice

HQ headquarters

HR human resource

HRD human resource development

HRD human resources department

HRM human resources management

HTMLS hypertext mark-up language server-side

ICT information and communication technology

IDP individual development plan

IITD Irish Institute of Training and Development

IMTEE Integrated Model of Training Evaluation and Effectiveness

INGO international nongovernmental organisation

IP intellectual property

ISD instructional system design

IT information technology

J&J Johnson & Johnson

JIT job instruction training

JIT Just-in-time

KBI key business indicator

KPI key performance indicator

KSA knowledge, skills and abilities

L&D learning and development

LCMS learning content management system

LMS learning management system

LTE learning transfer environment

LTSI Learning Transfer System Inventory

M&A mergers and acquisitions

M&S Marks & Spencer

MNC multinational corporation

MOOC massive open online course

OHP overhead projector (slides)

OWL Web ontology language

PCN parent country national

PDF portable document format

Q&A question and answer

RBV resource-based view

RO reflective observation

ROE return on expectation

ROI return on investment

SDL self-directed learning

SEED School Earth Education

SHRD strategic human resource development

SME subject matter expert

SOP standard operating procedure(s)

SPARQL Semantic protocol and RDF query language

SPOC small private online course

SSW social semantic web

STOP Safety Training Observation Program (DuPont)

TCN third country national

TOOT Time out of Time

TWI Training within Industry

UN United Nations

US United States (of America)

USA United States of America

VARK Visual-Auditory-Read-Kinaesthetic model

VLE virtual learning environment

VLS virtual learning system

VR virtual reality

XML extensive mark-up language

FOREWORD

Business leaders know that todays fast-accelerating changes in technology, longevity, work practices, and business models offer both challenges and opportunities. While some jobs are disappearing due to advances in technology, many more are being transformed and thus creating the need for continuous, lifelong development. In response to this evolving landscape, Learning and Development (L&D) professionals are prioritising strategic imperatives such as transitioning to the future of work, the redesign of work and jobs, and reskilling the workforce to support the ongoing evolution of organisations.

It is imperative that L&D professionals shift their focus from the dominant paradigms that the profession has relied on for the past 50 years and examine more contemporary ways in which to improve their practice as professionals. The reality is that the future has started. We need to invest in breakthrough thinking and innovation to sustain success and face up to the challenges of the new business, customer and market paradigms. Encouraging an organisations workforce to learn and to change and adapt to the needs of the organisation is now more important than ever in order to respond to the requirements of the workplace of the future. L&D professionals have a major role to play in helping organisations to ensure that they have a workforce that is capable of adapting to those changing requirements.

Accordingly, as the leading professional body for L&D professionals in Ireland, the Irish Institute of Training and Development (IITD) commissioned LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT in ORGANISATIONS: STRATEGY, EVIDENCE and PRACTICE to reflect the changing landscape of L&D. Our intent in commissioning this book was to support L&D professionals by sharing the most up-to-date thinking to assist them in the development of capability throughout their organisations. The book aims to develop L&D professionals so that they deliver impactful learning interventions that develop staff by thinking innovatively about how work is organised and ensuring the best alignment of people and technology with the right opportunities within their organisations. It considers both formal and informal learning and looks at the contribution of the L&D function to organisational and financial performance. Reflecting the latest thinking in the field of L&D, it provides a theoretically-sound text written with the user in mind, whether that user is a practitioner or a student. Included in each chapter, to help the reader to relate the text to practical application, are case studies that show the theory in action. Critically, the book looks at the future of L&D and the competencies that are required into the future as well as examining ethical considerations in the field of L&D.