Ibraheem Saeed Al-Baidhani - U.S. Policy Toward Syria - 1949 to 1958

U.S. Policy Toward Syria
- 1949 to 1958

Ibraheem Saeed Al-Baidhani

Copyright 2014 by Ibraheem Saeed Al-Baidhani.

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Rev. date: 03/31/2014

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CONTENTS

S yria has a strategic location is important, as well as the importance market and strategy stems from the importance of the Middle East region with important market, economic, and extends Syria on an important area of the Mediterranean coast east, and these coasts off the movement of world trade for the transfer of raw materials for the global industry, and including oil at the forefront of material transported from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, Mahan has described the Mediterranean that it will be the scene of constant conflict, and it will be one master and is dominated by one superpower. And pass through Syria, railway lines, which was one of the most important engines of international politics and areas of conflict and competing countries, especially between Germany and France, since Syrias coastline and its proximity to the Suez Canal, making it an arena of conflict and competition, which gave greater importance discovered oil in the Near East and the Arabian Gulf, and thus received in the U.S. interest because of its factors of market, economic and Syrias important graded in another area, in the description of it lies in strategic region in the world that is home run airstrip and raids mission to air traffic, as well as it knot air transport and sea, it is a vital necessity important in the framework of international competition, a task of major powers that are looking for the promotion and strengthening its international status through the control and domination over strategic areas.

And returns the beginnings of penetration of the U.S. in the Levant to 1820 when he arrived to follow the Christian church under the supervision and control of the American Council on monitors missionaries abroad, the United States, like other major countries that preceded it in the sphere of influence and penetration in other countries, they fought compete with missions French and British missionary. And focused on the development of relations and interests by commercial interests and cultural penetration and protect charities, medical, and followed the United States through the influence of missionary during the Ottoman states and strengthened its trade relations with the Ottoman Empire and the signing of the Treaty of Amity and trade exchange in 1830.

Continued missionaries U.S. work and expansion arose Americans in the creation of thirty-three primary and secondary schools in Syria and Lebanon during the past 1834-1860, and in 1866 was the establishment of college Syrian Protestant (American University later) and the religious institutions, cultural and missionary U.S. are in the protection and support of the U.S. government at the end of the nineteenth century, the number of U.S. missionary institutions in Syria and Palestine to more than two hundred institutions linked to all U.S. diplomatic bodies.

The First World War a new phase in the course of U.S. policy toward the Middle East and the direction of the region where they are located Syria throughout our research, and increased U.S. interest in the Middle East, probably led to the emergence and growth of the Zionist movement, which was seeking to establish a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine and their quest to get support and the support of Britain and the United States, and in pushing and encouragement of the Zionist movement has increased interest in the Middle East, as well as it used the aspiration of Arabs towards independence position input new through the principles of the age of four in 1918 and encourage people the right to self-determination and to achieve stability, and then participate in a committee (but Crane) on assignment, but she was willing to become a state mandated, and generally to encourage the United States and support the right of self-determination was inconsistent with its call and support to the demands of the Zionist movement to establish a national home in Palestine, the important thing is that the war first World made the United States an influential element in the regions issues, especially the Palestinian issue.

The Committee (CNC Crane) in 1919, an important station of the stations of interest and the U.S. presence in the region, despite the objection of France and Britain to send a committee to explore the wishes of the population in the diagonals are separated from the Ottoman Empire, the Commission concluded that visited Syria into a real desire for unity and independence in Syrian Palestine, and choose the United States to be the mandatory power, revealing the Committees report on the state of hostility and hatred to France in Syria, and in any case, the United States, which has increased their desire and interest influence in the region, the key element that determines the economic and military power make it close to what is happening levels after the First World War, and despite the withdrawal to participate in international politics and lack of participation in the League of Nations, but its incentive and participate in the sharing of oil wealth, and focused on its own interests as a major.

The United States and France are linked into agreements shape the relations between them and how to deal on international issues, was organized by the Convention in 1853 political matters and exchange of consuls and the subject of fugitives from commercial vessels, as well as the two countries signed a treaty on extradition in 1909, while processed Article VII of the Mandate list for the year 1923, the subject of the exchange of criminals and stipulates that pending the conclusion of special agreements on extradition, the extradition treaty in force between states and foreign countries Mandatory will be applied in the territory of Syria and Lebanon. So after France became the mandatory power for Syria has become necessary on the United States that is looking for a formula it believes its interests in Syria and through France. After correspondence and conversations reached both the United States and France to sign the treaty French European on the fourth of April 1924, which recognized under the United States mandated the French on Syria, and has achieved its goal of ensuring the rights of its citizens and created favorable conditions for the work of her wishes missionary and acts of excavations, and got the United States the rights granted to member states of the League of Nations.

Focused on the United States to the ongoing negotiations between France and Syria on the signing of the treaty French Syrian in 1936 on the independence of Syria, including that the treaty ending the French mandate over Syria, so it means a change in the interests and requires consultation with them in this regard, and focused on U.S. interests whose institutions missionary, educational and commercial The United States believes that the disturbances experienced by Syria over demands for independence, which is reflected on the property, rights and investments and interests of the U.S., the United States is aware that Syrias strategic importance, as the pipeline transportation of oil from Iraq to the Mediterranean, passing through its territory, as well as that the United States following the developments taking place in Syria, as it came to their interests.