Ruth Pearson - Thailands Hidden Workforce: Burmese Migrant Women Factory Workers - Asian Arguments

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Asian Arguments

ASIAN ARGUMENTS is a series of short books about Asia today. Aimed at the growing number of students and general readers who want to know more about the region, these books will highlight community involvement from the ground up in issues of the day usually discussed by authors in terms of top-down government policy. The aim is to better understand how ordinary Asian citizens are confronting problems such as the environment, democracy and their societies development, either with or without government support. The books are scholarly but engaged, substantive as well as topical and written by authors with direct experience of their subject matter.

About the Authors

RUTH PEARSON is Professor of International Development at the University of Leeds, UK. She has undertaken research on womens work in the global economy, focusing recently on migrant workers and gendered globalisation, and has carried out empirical work in Latin America, including Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Cuba, as well as in Thailand and Europe. She has a particular interest in the intersections of womens productive and reproductive roles and their implications for understanding globalisation and crisis in the contemporary economy.

KYOKO KUSAKABE is Associate Professor of Gender and Development Studies in the School of Environment, Resources and Development at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. Her research interests are centred on gendered mobility and migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the effect of regional economic integration on womens work and employment. She has undertaken empirical work in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia and has a special interest in women and transborder trade.

Thailands Hidden Workforce

Burmese Migrant Women Factory Workers

______________________________________________

RUTH PEARSON & KYOKO KUSAKABE

Thailands Hidden Workforce:
Burmese Migrant Women Factory Workers
was first published in 2012 by
Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London NI 9JF, UK and
Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA

www.zedbooks.co.uk

Copyright Ruth Pearson and Kyoko Kusakabe 2012

The rights of Ruth Pearson and Kyoko Kusakabe to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988

Designed and typeset in ITC Bodoni Twelve
by illuminati, Grosmont
Index by John Barker
Cover designed by www.thisistransmission.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data available

ISBN 9781848139879

Contents

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada, and the personal encouragement of Dr Navsharan Singh of Regional Office for South Asia, IDRC. We also received excellent cooperation from Jackie Pollock and colleagues at the MAP Foundation in Thailand; as well as from Yaung Chi Oo Workers Association Mae Sot and Bangkok Office; from Pattanarak Foundation, Sangklaburi district, Kanchanaburi province; and from a range of Burmese labour and other organisations, and international NGOs in Thailand.

We would like to express appreciation to our wonderful research team Naw Eh Mwee, Lada Phadungkiati, Naw Htee Heh, Zin Mar Oo, Cecil Khin, Kanokporn Jaroenrith and San Sithilertprasit for their tireless efforts in collecting data and translating documents and interviews. We also received research assistance from Krongwan Traitongyoo and Usamard Siampakdee. Thanks to Helene Dyrhauge for support with the manuscript and bibliography, and to Tamsine ORiordan of Zed Books for her enthusiasm and guidance in preparing this book. We also pay tribute to all the migrant workers from Burma who shared their experiences with us and wish them well in this crucial moment in their countrys history.

Thailand and surrounding countries

Abbreviations

ACMECS	AyeyarwadyChaophrayaMekong Economic Cooperation Strategy
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BEAN	Border Essan Action Network
BLSO	Burma Labour Solidarity Organization
BMWEC	Burmese Migrant Workers Education Committee
CDC	Childrens Development Centre
COMMIT	Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking
CPPCR	Committee for the Promotion and Protection of Child Rights
DKBA	Democratic Karen Buddhist Army
ECS	Economic Cooperation Strategy
FTUB	Federation of Trade Unions Burma
GMS	Greater Mekong Subregion
ILO	International Labour Organization
IOM	International Organization for Migration
ITUC	International Trade Union Confederation
KNU	Karen National Union
MOU	memorandum of understanding
NGO	non-governmental organisation
NICs	newly industrialised countries
NLD	National League for Democracy
NRIE	Northern Region Industrial Estate
SAW	Social Action for Women
SPDC	State Peace and Development Council
TGMA	Thai Garment Manufacturers Association
3D	dirty, dangerous and demeaning
UNHCR	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
YCOWA	Yaung Chi Oo Workers Association

Thailands hidden workforce:
Burmese women factory workers

Burmese migrant workers in Thailand:
hidden from the global gaze

This book tells the story of women who migrate from Burma Burmese migrants are frequently reviled by Thai people, who view them as a threat to social stability and job opportunities for themselves, a perception frequently fuelled by politicians seeking to distance themselves from the reality of domestic civil unrest and economic problems within Thailand.

There are an estimated 2 million migrant workers in Thailand, which have received widespread publicity both in Thailand and throughout the Western world, particularly in North America, which is home to a relatively large Burmese diaspora.

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