Marina Cattaruzza - Italy and Its Eastern Border, 1866-2016

This is the first scholarly work in Modern European History which elucidates consistently how border issues affect the history of nations and states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book rethinks the Italian history of the last 150 years from the perspective of its eastern periphery and of the profound impact that events on the border had on the core of the country.

Marina Cattaruzza is Emeritus Professor at the University of Bern (Switzerland), where she taught General European History until 2014.

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35Italy and Its Eastern Border, 18662016

Marina Cattaruzza

Marina Cattaruzza

Translated by Daniela Gobetti

First published 2017

by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

and by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2017 Taylor & Francis

First published as

LItalia e il confine orientale

Bologna, Il Mulino, 2007

Translated from the Italian by Daniela Gobetti.

The right of Marina Cattaruzza to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Cattaruzza, Marina, 1950 author.
Title: Italy and its eastern border, 18662016 / by Marina Cattaruzza ;
translated from the Italian by Daniela Gobetti.
Other titles: LItalia e il confine orientale Bologna. English
Description: New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge studies in
modern European history ; 35 | First published as LItalia e il confine
orientale Bologna, Il Mulino, 2007Title page verso. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016030687 (print) | LCCN 2016038216 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781138791749 (hardcover : alkaline paper) | ISBN
9781315762586 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315762586
Subjects: LCSH: ItalyForeign relationsYugoslavia. | Yugoslavia
Foreign relationsItaly. | Territory, NationalItalyHistory20th
century. | NationalismItalyHistory. | BorderlandsItalyHistory. |
BorderlandsYugoslaviaHistory. | ItalyHistory18701914. |
ItalyHistory19141945. | ItalyHistory1945
Classification: LCC DG499.Y8 C3813 2017 (print) | LCC DG499.Y8
(ebook) | DDC 320.1/20945dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016030687

ISBN: 978-1-138-79174-9 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-76258-6 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon

by Apex CoVantage, LLC

In the course of my research I have relied on the courtesy and competence of the staff of the Library of Modern and Contemporary History in Rome, of the Library of the Senate (Rome), and of the Municipal Library in Trieste. I could also count on the precious support of many colleagues, friends, collaborators, experts, and people who generously provided their expertise, suggestions, texts, materials, sources and, last but not least, their time. The Guido Carli Free International University for Social Studies (Luiss), where I spent a month as a visiting fellow, provided me with the possibility of carrying out research in libraries in Rome. I was able to discuss aspects of my work with Gino Bandelli, Cristina Benussi, Giorgio Conetti, and Paolo Segatti. I have had an extremely fruitful exchange of ideas on frontier Fascism with Emilio Gentile. I wish to thank Raoul Pupo, Giulio Mellinato, Giovanni Orsina, Paolo Sardos Albertini, and Roberto Spazzali for giving me important bibliographical information and access to archival sources, and for allowing me to read their manuscripts before publication. Claudio Boniccioli, Ludovico Sonego, and Gianfranco Battisti were expert interlocutors in the issues related to port traffic. Giulio Cervani and Giorgio Tombesi gave me access to the collection of the parliamentary minutes regarding the Treaty of Osimo, held in the private archive of Deputy Tombesi. Sergio Zilli helped me in transcribing correctly geographic names in the border region. Sacha Zala offered professional assistance in the choice and selection of Italian diplomatic documents. The idea of writing a book on the eastern border of Italy first came from Ernesto Galli della Loggia, who also encouraged me throughout to bring this work to completion. The responsibility for the positions expressed in the book, and for the reconstruction of the events is obviously mine.

The suggestion by Routledge-Francis and Taylor to publish LItalia e il confine orientale in English came first from Eve Setch, Routledge publisher for Modern history, in the course of a conversation at the International Congress of Historical Sciences in Amsterdam. Eve supported me competently and reliably during the different stages of the publishing processes, helping me to overcome moments of discouragement and some administrative impasses. It is no exaggeration to say that without her support this book would never have appeared on the Anglo-Saxon market in its present version. Moreover, I am deeply indebted to the three anonymous referees, who enthusiastically advocated the English translation and expressed their readiness to endorse the volume for an Anglo-Saxon readership. During the translation and editing process I could rely for help and advice on Max Novick and Jennifer Morrow. Now that I have crossed the finishing line I am glad to thank them for accompanying me in this enterprise. During the updating of the text I was provided with valuable information by Mario Sommariva, general Secretary of the port-authority in Trieste and his collaborator Andrea Ghersinich. Paolo Radivo offered me insight in the databank of LArena di Pola, which was extremely useful for the drafting of the new politics of memory on Italys eastern border. The cartographic material was generously made available by Franco Cecotti. The Istituto per la storia del movimento di liberazione del Friuli-Venezia Giulia allowed me to reproduce the maps and Michele Pupo processed them for the printed version.